本論文探討在日本軍中服役的臺籍士兵的歷史經驗，聚焦於臺灣戰犯錢茂松的案例，並以其自傳我啊！一個台灣人日本兵簡茂松的一生為研究對象。從他的故事可以看到臺灣人在第二次世界大戰期間如何被徵召入日本帝國軍隊，以及他戰後的經歷及身份變化。
本論文運用米蘭達·弗里克（Miranda Fricker）的認知不公理論，特別是詮釋不正義，來剖析殖民體系如何邊緣化並忽視臺籍士兵的身份。本論文進一步討論了日本帝國實行的同化政策（如皇民化運動）如何形塑這些士兵的自我認同。此外，還探究了戰後軍事法庭和日本政府對戰犯處理方式如何加深他們的不可弔唁性──此概念出自朱蒂絲·巴特勒（Judith Butler）。
此案例研究旨在闡明臺籍日本兵在戰爭期間及戰後的動員、排除及被遺忘的歷史，並反思臺灣的歷史記憶與和解進程。

This thesis explores the historical experiences of Taiwanese soldiers who served in the Japanese army. It focuses on the case of Chien Mao-Sung, a Taiwanese war criminal, through his autobiography I, as a Japanese Soldier: Taiwanese Chien Mao-Sung’s “Homeland.” His story reveals how Taiwanese people were recruited into the Japanese Imperial Army during World War II. It also examines his post-war experiences and changes in identity.
The thesis applies Miranda Fricker’s theory of epistemic injustice, particularly hermeneutical injustice, to analyze how colonial systems marginalized and ignored the identities of Taiwanese soldiers. It further discusses how Japan’s assimilation policies, such as the Kōminka movement, shaped these soldiers’ self-identity. Additionally, it explores how post-war military tribunals and Japan’s handling of their war crimes deepened their ungrievability, a concept introduced by Judith Butler.
This case study sheds light on how Taiwanese Japanese soldiers were mobilized, excluded, and forgotten in different political contexts during and after the war. It also reflects on Taiwan’s historical memory and the reconciliation process.

Keywords: Taiwanese Japanese soldiers, epistemic injustice, hermeneutical injustice, colonial systems, Kōminka movement, ungrievability.

Abstract I
摘要 II
Acknowledgment III
Table of Content VI
Introduction 1
A Very Brief History of Taiwan 2
Defining the Research Subject 4
Chien Mao-Sung as the Primary Case Study 6
Research Methodology 8
Main argument 12
Chapter 1 From “Quasi-Japanese” to “the Ungrievable”: Collective Intentionality and Historical Critique of Taiwanese Japanese Soldiers 14
The Paradox of Becoming Japanese: Analyzing the Differences Between Dōka and Kōminka 17
The Initiation and Implementation of the Kōminka Movement 20
A Hypothesis of “What is to be Japanese” 26
The Frames of War, Ungrievability, and Hermeneutical Injustice 31
Conclusion 40
Chapter Two. Selective Justice: Examining Chien Mao-Sung’s Post-War Trials and Compensation Issues 42
Examining Chien’s kinds of wartime experiences 47
The Experiences During the Post-War Trials 49
The Issue of Compensation Experienced by Chien 60
The Context of Post-War Reparations 63
The Scope of “Human” 68
The Meaning of Seeking Compensation 78
Conclusion 80
Conclusion 83
The Concerns of Being Instrumentalized 85
Annotated Bibliography 88
Work Cited 104

Australian War Memorial. AWM54 1010/09/22: War Crimes and Trials - Investigation of Atrocities. Canberra, Australia.
Australian War Memorial. AWM54 1010/6/1: War Crimes and Trials - Summary of Proceedings. Canberra, Australia.
Australian War Memorial. AWM54 1010/2/38. Canberra, Australia.
Butler, Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? Verso, 2016.
Chen, Yingzhen. Imperial Army betrayed. Perilous Memories, 2001, 181–198. [https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822381051-009]
Ching, Leo T. S. Becoming Japanese: Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. Trans. Zheng, Lixuan. Rye Field Publishing Co., 2006.
Dower, John W. Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. W. W. Norton & Company / The New Press, 1999.
Du, Zhengyu, et al. 寧願燒盡．不願鏽壞: 許昭榮文獻選輯. Power of Content Co., Ltd, 2018.
Fitzpatrick, Georgina. “War Crimes Trials, ‘Victor’s Justice’ and Australian Military Justice in the Aftermath of the Second World War.” The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials 2013: 327–347.
Fricker, Miranda. Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, 1st ed., Oxford University Press, 2009.
Hamazaki, Kuichi. I, as a Japanese Soldier: Taiwanese Chien Mao-Sung’s “Homeland.” Translated by Chiu, Chen-Jui. Shinchōsha, 2001.
Haslanger, Sally. “Culture and Critique.” Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, vol. 91, no. 1, June 2017, 149–173, [https://doi.org/10.1093/arisup/akx001]. Published: 28 June 2017.
Kondō, Masami. 総力戦と台湾 (Total War and Taiwan). Tōsui Shobō, 1996.
Medina, José. “Varieties of Hermeneutical Injustice.” The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice, 1st ed., Routledge, 2017, 41-52.
National Archives of Australia. A471, 80754 Part 3. Canberra, Australia.
Oguma, Eiji. The Boundaries of ‘the Japanese’: Volume 2: Korea, Taiwan and the Ainu 1868-1945. E-book, Trans Pacific Press, 2017.
Peng, Lin-Song. “Equal Treatment: The Taiwan People’s Veterans Movement.” Proceedings of the First Taiwan Modern War Conference, Kaohsiung City Caring for Taiwanese Veterans Culture Association, 2013, 01-42.
Pohlhaus, Gaile. “Relational Knowing and Epistemic Injustice: Toward a Theory of ‘Willful Hermeneutical Ignorance.’” Hypatia, vol. 27, no. 4, 2012, 715-735. JSTOR, [http://www.jstor.org/stable/23352291].
Schweikard, David P., and Hans Bernhard Schmid. “Collective Intentionality.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Fall 2021 Edition, Stanford University, [https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/collective-intentionality/].
Shiu, Jau-Rung. Tales of Taiwanese Veteran (台籍老兵血淚故事). Taiwan Historica, 2015.
Sissons, DCS. “The Australian War Crimes Trials and Investigations (1942–51).” Bridging Australia and Japan: Volume 2 (2020): 57–128.
Thurow, Joshua. “Atonement.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, Winter 2022 Edition, Stanford University, [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atonement/].
Yoneyama, Lisa. Cold War Ruins: Transpacific Critique of American Justice and Japanese War Crimes. Duke University Press, 2016.