本論文試圖重新思考外文學門（尤以英美文學為主）在台灣的知識狀況，以複雜化一般對「外文系」的平面認識：一方面被簡化成訓練英語的工具化科系，另一方面則常被批評為西方文化與文學的代理人。為了歷史化並問題化「外文系」，本論文以發生於一九六六至一九七五年間，由朱立民教授與顏元叔教授主導之台大外文系「朱顏改」為分析對象，不只因為「朱顏改」是當今外文系之知識形構基礎，更因其顯影出外文系內部如何隨著客觀政治條件而調整自身。一九六Ｏ年代，因著美國政治文化勢力於台灣之佈局，「朱顏改」顯示了台大外文系如何以美國大學英文系作為自身的（唯一）參照對象；至一九七Ｏ年代初期，當中華民國政府國際地位備受威脅，「朱顏改」隨之（偶然地）改變策略，在外文系課程中加重中國古典文學比例，遂促成比較文學研究在台灣的興起。本論文以朱立民教授對比較文學研究在台灣之描述：「我們只有中國與西方」，進一步指出「中國 vs. 西方」之二元對立結構，作用於、且架構了外文系的知識生產。在此結構中，「我們卅中國」只看見「我們」以及值得參照之對象：「西方」；於是，無論是一九六Ｏ年代仿效美國大學英文系，或一九七Ｏ年代重視中國傳統文化與文學，皆落入此同一結構中。換句話說，因著客觀條件轉變，儘管「朱顏改」前期看似「崇洋媚外」而後期看似「愛國心切」，實則於「中國 vs. 西方」之結構中辯證地合而為一。為脈絡化此「中西對立」結構，本論文以兩個歷史時刻──一九九Ｏ年代台灣外文系當時的知識生產與一九四Ｏ年代中國的新文學概念──作為切入點，期能以歷史化作為方法，指出外文系知識狀況由來已久的問題，更提示中西二元對立結構如何系統地構築了當今知識狀況，致使「我們」的參照對象總是指向「西方」以便向之學習並與之抗衡。最後，本論文以聞一多於一九四Ｏ年代企圖超越「中西對立」的論述為思想資源，試圖再啟動重新思考──甚或重構──外文系與文學研究的契機與空間。

This thesis reconsiders the knowledge condition of the discipline of foreign literature studies in Taiwan, and complicates the simplified understandings of waiwenxi as either an instrumental department or an agency of western literature and culture. It tries to historicize and problematize waiwenxi by analyzing Chu-Yen Reform, a series of institutional changes conducted by Prof. Chu Limin and Prof. Yen Yuan-shu in National Taiwan University from 1966 to 1975. Chu-Yen Reform is contextualized with the political conditions in Taiwan at that specific juncture. In the 1960s Taiwan, the American politico-cultural forces was epitomized in the Reform, as NTU waiwenxi apparently emulated the US English department; afterwards, in the early 1970s when the international status of the Republic of China was in jeopardy, the Reform (contingently) adjusted its agenda to underscore Chinese literary classics and thus facilitated the rise of comparative literature studies. By elaborating on Chu Limin’s description of such studies, “We had only China and the West,” this thesis argues that the structure of “China versus the west” has effected and framed the knowledge production of waiwenxi. Therefore, the emulation of the US English department in the 1960s and the emphasis on Chinese traditional culture and literature in the 1970s were both structured by the premise “China versus the west,” within which “our” point of reference is fixed to the comparable model, the west. Therefore, the pursuit of the west (the United States of America) in the first half of Chu-Yen Reform and the nationalist feelings for the Chinese in the latter half were dialectically combined into one. To contextualize this structure of “China versus the west” that has constituted the enduring problematics within waiwenxi, this thesis invokes two historical moments—the 1990s Taiwan and the 1940s China—to form a genealogical narrative. It indicates that this structure has framed the knowledge condition of our time, since “our” reference point has been systematically directed to the west in order to learn from it and surpass it. Finally, taking Wen Yiduo’s 1940s discourse that endeavored to overcome the opposition of China and the west as a thinking resource, this thesis hopes to initiate the possibility to reconsider and re-configure waiwenxi as well as literature and literature studies in Taiwan.

English Abstract　　　i
Chinese Abstract　　　iii
Acknowledgement　　　iv
INTRODUCTION　　　1
Waiwenxi Reconsidered:
Re-Configuring Waiwenxi in the 1960s and the 1970s Taiwan
CHAPTER 1　　　17
Setting the Stage:
Influences from American English Studies for the 1960s Taiwan Waiwenxi
CHAPTER 2　　　36
Altering the Agenda:
The Rise of Comparative Literature Studies in the 1970s Taiwan Waiwenxi
CHAPTER 3　　　57
Chu-Yen Reform and After:
Problematics of “China versus the West” within Waiwenxi
WORKS CITED　　　78

Chang, Ching-erh [張靜二]. “The Expansion of Comparative Literature in Taiwan: A Brief Introduction of the CLAROC” [〈比較文學在台灣的拓展：中華民國比較文學學會簡介〉]. Chung-wai Literary Monthly 6.5 (1977): 78-89.
Chang, Mau-kuei [張茂桂], and Chen Dung-sheng [陳東升]. “Higher Education in Taiwan: the Crisis of Rapid Expansion.” Universities in Crisis: the Blog of the International Sociological Association (ISA) 11 Apr. 2010 <http://www.isa-sociology.org/universit
ies-in-crisis/?p=417>.
Chao, Ena [趙綺娜]. “U.S. Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs in Taiwan (1951-1970).” A Journal of European and American Studies 31.1 (Mar. 2001): 79-127.
Chen, Kuan-Hsing [陳光興]. Asia as Method: Toward Deimperialization. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.
Chen, Fang-ming [陳芳明]. “The Construction and Periodization of Taiwanese New Literary History” [〈台灣新文學史的建構與分期〉]. UNITAS [《聯合文學》], August 1999.
Chen, Ruoxi [陳若曦]. Jianchi˙Wuhui: Chen Ruoxi Qishi Zishu [《堅持˙無悔：陳若曦七十自述》Persistent, Regretless: Self-Narrative of Chen Ruoxi at Seventy]. Taipei: Jiuge, 2011.
Chi, Pang-yuan [齊邦媛]. “Taida at First Sight” [〈初見台大〉]. Cong Dida Dao Taida [《從帝大到臺大》From Taihoku Imperial University to National Taiwan University]. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press, 2003. 73-87.
---. Juliuhe [《巨流河》Mighty Current River]. Taipei: Tianxia Yuanjian, 2009.
Chiu, Kuei-fen [邱貴芬]. “The Genealogy of Chinese Discipline” [〈中文學門族譜〉]. How Humanities Transformed the World: The Development of Scholarship on the Humanities Over the Last Hundred Years [〈人文百年˙化成天下：中華民國百年人文傳承大展〉]. Ed. Yang Rur-bin [楊儒賓] et al. Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University, 2011. 77-78.
Chu, Limin [朱立民]. “Studying for a PhD—Had To” [〈念博士，不得已也〉]. Bi Gao Cheng Pian [《逼稿成篇》Forcing Drafts into Writings]. Taipei: Jiuge, 1980. 43-51.
---. “Waiwenxi should be ‘Divided’” [〈外文系該「分家」了〉] (1978). Bi Gao Cheng Pian [《逼稿成篇》Forcing Drafts into Writings]. Taipei: Jiuge, 1980. 57-64.
---. “Comparative Literature Studies in Taiwan,” Tamkang Review 2.2 (1971): 509-15.
---. “Education Policies during Harsh Times” [〈非常時期的教育措施〉] (1971). Bi Gao Cheng Pian [《逼稿成篇》Forcing Drafts into Writings]. Taipei: Jiuge, 1980. 65-69.
Committee of the Joint University Entrance Examination. Report from the Committee of the Joint University Entrance Examination 1970: Statistics [《五十九學年度大學獨立學院暨專科學校聯合招生委員會：各項統計表》]. Taipei: The Committee of the Joint University Entrance Examination, 1970.
Comparative Literature Association, Republic of China. 2011. Mar. 2012 ogle.com/site/claroc100/>.
Cull, Nicholas J. The Cold War and the United States Information Agency: American Propaganda and Public Diplomacy, 1945-1989. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Department of Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University. Guoli Taiwan Daxue Zhongguo Wenxue Xi Xishigao, 1929-2002 [Historical Sketches of the Chinese Literature Department at National Taiwan University, 1929-2002《國立台灣大學中國文學系系史稿》]. Taipei: Taida Zhongwenxi, 2002.
Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, National Taiwan University. Mar. 2011 <http://www.forex.ntu.edu.tw/about/super_pages.php?ID=about1>.
Ding, Yi [丁易]. “On Chinese Literature Department” [〈論大學國文系〉]. Guowen Yuekan [《國文月刊》Chinese Monthly] 39 (1945): 2-6.
“Exhibition of Campuses” [〈校園博覽會〉]. United Daily News. Ed. Yeh Tzu-tseng [葉姿岑]. Jun. 2004. Apr. 2012 <http://mag.udn.com/mag/campus/>.
Garver, John W. The Sino-American Alliance: Nationalist China and American Cold War Strategy in Asia. London: M. E. Sharpe. 1997.
Gong, Peng-cheng [龔鵬程]. “Preface.” Chinese Literature Studies in the Last Fifty Years [《五十年來的中國文學研究》]. Taipei: Taiwan Xuesheng, 2001. iii-x.
Guo, Songfen [郭松棻]. “On Taiwan’s Literature” [〈談談台灣的文學〉] (1974). Xiangtu Wenxue Lunzhan Sanshi Nian: Zuoyi Chuantong de Fukui [《鄉土文學論戰三十年：左翼傳統的復歸》Native Soil Literature Polemic: the Return of the Leftist Tradition]. Taipei: Renjian, 2008. 9-25.
“History of JUEE in Taiwan” [〈台灣聯考史〉]. Taiwan History [《台灣演義》]. Formosa TV. 21 June, 2009.
Ho, Josephine Chun-jui [何春蕤]. “Criticism of the Criticism of ‘New Criticism’—A Historicist Perspective” [〈對批評「新批評」的批評──一個歷史主義的觀點〉] Haixia 5 (1987): 78-88.
Hu, John Yao-heng [胡耀恆]. “Opening Statement” [《發刊辭》]. Chung-wai Literary Monthly 1.1 (1972): 4-5.
Ku, Tim-hung [古添洪], and Huei-hua Chen [陳慧樺], eds. Progressions of Comparative Literature in Taiwan [〈比較文學的墾拓在台灣〉Bijiao Wenxue de Kentuo zai Taiwan]. Taipei: Dongda, 1976.
Li, Tung-hua [李東華], and Yang Tsung-lin [楊宗霖], eds. Luo Zongluo Xiaozhang Yu Taida Xiang-guan Shiliaoji [《羅宗洛校長與台大相關史料集》A Collection of Related Archives of Luo Zongluo President and NTU]. Taipei: NTU Press, 2007.
Li, Guangtian [李廣田]. “Literature and Culture: On New Literature and the Chinese Literature Department of the University” [〈文學與文化：論新文學和大學中文系〉]. Guowen Yuekan [《國文月刊》Chinese Monthly] 43 & 44 (1946): 1-6.
Lin, Chun-hsiu [林純秀]. “Cold War Modernity, Nationality and Sexual Politics in World Today (1952-1980)” [〈冷戰現代性的國族卅性別政治：《今日世界》分析〉]. MA Thesis. Shih Hsin University (Taipei), 2008.
Lin, Wen-yueh [林文月]. “People in the Chinese Literature Department” [〈讀中文系的人〉]. People in the Chinese Literature Department [《讀中文系的人》]. Taipei: Hongfan, 1978. 35-41.
Liu, Joyce Chi-hui [劉紀蕙]. “The Local Turn of Chung-wai Literary Monthly” [〈《中外文學》的本土轉向〉]. Chung-wai Literary Monthly 28.2 (2000): 17-21.
---. “Sources and Trajectories: the Tenth Anniversary of Cultural Studies” [〈根源與路徑：文化研究10周年〉]. Reflexion 15 (2010): 51-61.
Lu, Cheng-hui [呂正惠]. “Starting Point of Criticism on the Post-war Taiwanese Novels” [〈戰後台灣小說批評的起點〉]. Taiwan Xiandai Xiaoshuo Shi Zonglun [《台灣現代小說史綜論》Discussion on the History of Taiwanese Modern Novels]. Ed. Chen I-Chih [陳義芝]. Taipei: Linking Books, 1998. 102-18.
Memorial Foundation of 228 [財團法人二二八事件紀念基金會]. 1995. Mar. 2012 <http://www.228.org.tw/>.
Ohmann, Richard. “English and the Cold War.” The Cold War and the University: toward an Intellectual History. Ed. Andre Schiffrin. New York: The New Press, 1997. 73-105.
Renker, Elizabeth. “Introduction.” The Origin of American Literature Studies: an Institutional History. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. 1-12.
Republic of China, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education. Daxue Kemu Biao Huibian [《大學科目表彙編》A Collection of College Subjects]. Taipei: Zhengzhong Bookstore, 1963. 10-13.
Republic of China, Department of Statistics, Ministry of Education. “The Standard Categories of the Disciplines in the Universities and Colleges” [〈大學校院學科標準分類查詢〉]. 2011.
Selden, Raman, et al. “New Criticism, moral formalism and F. R. Leavis.” A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. Harlow: Pearson, 2005. 18-28.
Shan, Te-hsing [單德興]. “Institutionalization: Discussion on English-American Literature Studies in Taiwan” [〈建制化：初論英美文學研究在台灣〉]. Fangfa: Wenxue de Lu [《方法：文學的路》Method: the Road of Literature]. Ed. Chang Han-liang [張漢良]. Taipei: NTU Press, 2002. 203-31.
---. “Translating American Literature into Chinese in the Cold War Era: The Cultural Politics and Significance of World Today Press''s Literary Translation” [〈冷戰時代的美國文學中譯──今日世界出版社之文學翻譯與文化政治〉]. Fanyi yu Mailuo [《翻譯與脈絡》Translations and Contexts]. Taipei: Bookman, 2009. 117-57.
---. “Comparative Literature in Taiwan” [〈比較文學在台灣〉]. How Humanities Transformed the World: The Development of Scholarship on the Humanities Over the Last Hundred Years [〈人文百年˙化成天下：中華民國百年人文傳承大展〉]. Ed. Yang Rur-bin [楊儒賓] et al. Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University, 2011. 109-13.
---. “English and American Literature Studies in Taiwan—History, Culture, and Politics” [〈台灣的英美文學研究──歷史˙文化˙政治〉]. “Research Achievement of Waiwen Program: English and American Literature Group” [〈外文學門研究成果：英美文學組〉]. Taipei: Center for Humanities Research, National Science Council, 2000.
Shan, Te-hsing [單德興], You-cheng Li [李有成], and Li Chang [張力]. Chu Limin Xiansheng Fangwen Jilu [《朱立民先生訪問記錄》Interview Records of Mr. Chu Limin]. Taipei: Academia Sinica, Institute of Modern History, 1996.
Shumway, David R. “American Literature as a Discipline: Constituting the Object.” Creating American Civilization: a Genealogy of American Literature as an Academic Discipline. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. 123-47.
Tien, Wei-Hsing [田維新]. “The Sower of American Literature” [〈美國文學的播種者〉]. Xiaoshi Zai Zhanglang Jinchu: Zhuiyi Chu Limin Jiaoshou [《消失在長廊盡處──追憶朱立民教授》Disappearing at the End of the Corridor: In Memory of Professor Limin Chu]. Ed. Kuang-chung Yu and Yuan-shu Yen. Taipei: Jiuge, 1999. 93-99.
Wandering in the Universities [《漫步在大學》]. College Entrance Examination Center (ROC, Taiwan). 2003. Nov. 2011 <http://major.ceec.edu.tw/search/ceec.htm>.
Wang, Liaoyi [王了一]. “The Chinese Literature Department of the University and the Creation of New Literary Works” [〈大學中文系和新文藝的創造〉]. Guowen Yuekan [《國文月刊》Chinese Monthly] 43 & 44 (1946): 6-9.
Wang, Zhi-ting [汪知亭]. Taiwan Jiaoyu Shiliao Xinbian [《台灣教育史料新編》A New Compilation of the History of Education in Taiwan]. Taipei: Taiwan Shangwu Yinshu Guan, 1978.
Wen, Yiduo [聞一多]. “Advice on the Adjustment of Chinese and Foreign Languages and Literature Departments in the College of Liberal Arts” [〈調整大學文學院中國文學外國語文學二系機構芻議〉]. Guowen Yuekan [《國文月刊》Chinese Monthly] 63 (1948): 1-2.
Wu, Chia-yi [吳家怡]. “Looking back the Forty Years of JUEE” [〈回首聯招四十年〉]. Shinian Xinku Bu Xunchang [《十年辛苦不尋常》Ten Years of Extraordinary Hard Works]. Taipei: CEEC Foundation, 2000. 183-93.
Wu, Brian Hsiang-huei [吳祥輝]. Jujue Liankao de Xiaozi [《拒絕聯考的小子》The Kid who Refuses JUEE]. 3rd ed. Taipei: Yuan Liu, 2011.
Yang, Mu [楊牧]. “What is Waiwenxi Doing?” [〈外文系是幹甚麼的？〉]. Bokelai Jingshen [《柏克萊精神》Berkeley Spirits]. Taipei: Hongfan, 1977. 157-60.
Yang, Rur-bin [楊儒賓], and Cheng Yu-yu [鄭毓瑜]. “The Inheritor of the Classical Spirit: the Development of Chinese Literature Discipline in the Last Hundred Years” [〈古典精神的傳燈者：百年來中文學門的發展〉]. How Humanities Transformed the World: The Development of Scholarship on the Humanities Over the Last Hundred Years [〈人文百年˙化成天下：中華民國百年人文傳承大展〉]. Ed. Yang Rur-bin [楊儒賓] et al. Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University, 2011. 45-55.
Ye, Shi-tao [葉石濤]. The History of Taiwanese Literature [《台灣文學史綱》]. Kaohsiung: Chunhui, 1987.
Yeh, Chiaying [葉嘉瑩]. “Rambling on the Traditions of Classical Chinese Poetry—Offering an Advice for the Crisis Confronted by the Traditions of Classical Poetry under the Atmosphere of Criticism” [〈漫談中國舊詩的傳統──為現代批評風氣下舊詩傳統所面臨之危機進一言〉]. Chung-wai Literary Monthly 2.4 (1973): 4-24.
---. “Rambling on the Traditions of Classical Chinese Poetry—Offering an Advice for the Crisis Confronted by the Traditions of Classical Poetry under the Atmosphere of Criticism II” [〈漫談中國舊詩的傳統──為現代批評風氣下舊詩傳統所面臨之危機進一言（下）〉]. Chung-wai Literary Monthly 2.5 (1973): 30-46.
Yeh, Chingping [葉慶炳]. “The Chinese Literature Department Impairs Me?” [〈中文系誤我？〉]. Wo Shi Yi Zhi Fenbi [《我是一枝粉筆》I am a Stick of Chalk]. Taipei: Jiuge, 2007. 21-28.
---. “A Quartet—NTU Waiwenxi and I” [〈四重奏──我和台大外文系〉]. Wo Shi Yi Zhi Fenbi [《我是一枝粉筆》I am a Stick of Chalk]. Taipei: Jiuge, 2007. 102-10.
Yen, Yuan-shu [顏元叔]. “Literature and Literary Criticism” [〈文學與文學批評〉]. Wenxue de Xuansi [《文學的玄思》Meditations in Literary Theory]. Taipei: Ching Sheng, 1970. 1-10.
---. “‘Reflection’ and ‘Criticism’” [〈「反映」與「批評」〉]. Wenxue de Xuansi [《文學的玄思》Meditations in Literary Theory]. Taipei: Ching Sheng, 1970. 52-57.
---. “Literary Theory and Technique of the School of New Criticism” [〈新批評學派的文學理論與手法〉]. Wenxue de Xuansi [《文學的玄思》Meditations in Literary Theory]. Taipei: Ching Sheng, 1970. 109-61.
---. “Towards an Establishment of Literary Theory” [〈朝向一個文學理論的建立〉]. Wenxue de Xuansi [《文學的玄思》Meditations in Literary Theory]. Taipei: Ching Sheng, 1970. 163-89.
---. “Editor’s Note.” Tamkang Review 1.1 (1970): 2.
---. “Modernism and Historicism—Simultaneously Responding to Ms. Yeh Chia-ying” [〈現代主義與歷史主義──兼答葉嘉瑩女士〉]. Chung-wai Literary Monthly 2.7 (1973): 36-45.
---. “National Literature, and Its Creation and Research” [〈民族文學及其創作與研究〉]. Hewei Wenxue [《何謂文學》What is the Meaning of Literature]. Taipei: Taiwan Xuesheng Shuju, 1976. 39-53.
---. “Research Criticism and Appreciation of Literature” [〈文學的研究批評與欣賞〉]. Hewei Wenxue [《何謂文學》What is the Meaning of Literature]. Taipei: Taiwan Xuesheng Shuju, 1976. 55-60.
---. “Everything Starts with Anti-West—Writing for the Twentieth Anniversary of Chung-wai Literary Monthly” [〈一切從反西方開始──為《中外文學》二十周年而寫〉]. Chung-wai Literary Monthly 21.1 (1992): 7-11.
---. “Mr. Chu and I” [〈朱先生和我〉] . Xiaoshi Zai Zhanglang Jinchu: Zhuiyi Chu Limin Jiaoshou [《消失在長廊盡處──追憶朱立民教授》Disappearing at the End of the Corridor: In Memory of Professor Limin Chu]. Taipei: Jiuge, 1999. 19-40.
Yuan, Jin [袁進]. “Chapter 5 Utilitarian and Aesthetic” [〈第五章：功利與審美〉]. History of Chinese Modern Literature [《中國近代文學史》]. Taipei: Renjian, 2010. 371-449.