在這篇論文裡，我想要探究九0年代台灣性別相關小劇場表演的社會性功能。在那個剛解嚴的時代裡，小劇場工作者們利用舞台表演來發表他們對於性多元的看法。他們的作品反映了性多元主體的生存困境，也批判了來自性單一規約的壓迫。於是我提問：小劇場再現了什麼樣的性多元？用什麼樣的劇場手法？以及，這些劇場工作者為什麼要呈現這些作品？
在第一章裡，我提出自1987年解嚴後，一些劇場工作者用他們的作品直接衝撞了社會的性道德，在接下來的九0年代裡，這些關心性別議題的劇場工作者們與性解放論述的學者，兩造之間巧妙的形成一股同盟關係，都為了挑戰既有的性/別規約。性解放論述提供了我分析這些性多元表演作品的理論基礎，於是我在第二章裡分析了三個重要的劇場作品，發現「痛苦」是這些劇場工作者們企圖突顯的主題，因為，痛苦來自於長久累積的性/別壓迫。在第三章裡，我討論了魏瑛娟與吳大綱的作品，發現他們的作品持續討論性多元痛苦的主題，但在手法上多了些喜劇的成份與視覺上的愉悅感。當然，這種劇場手法的轉變不代表性別壓迫已被完全解放了，但它代表了性多元在劇場中被再現的可能性是持續進化著的。最後，這些性多元作品不僅為小劇場文化累積素材，無形之中更培養著一群理解、認同，也支持性多元再現的觀眾。

　　In this thesis I aim to explore the social function of sexuality performance in the little theater during the nineties of Taiwan. The little theater artists made their social debates on the theme of sexual plurality on stage. In the nineties, in the space of little theater, their works reflected the living difficulties of sexual plurality group and criticized the unitary sexual code’s oppression. My investigation began by asking what kinds of sexual plurality have been represented in the little theater, by what theatrical skills, and the possible reasons of theater artists’ putting on these performances.
　　I assert in the first chapter that after the lift of martial law in 1987, some theater artists composed works which directly confronted the society’s sexual morality. In the following decade, theater artists who concerned about sexual plurality formed a coincident alliance with sexual emancipation scholars to try to challenge the rigid sexual norms. The discourse of sexual emancipation provided a theoretical base for my analyzing the meaning of sexual plurality performances. I then chart three important theater works in Chapter Two, and propose that the theme of pain was so highlighted by theater artists in their works that it reflected the ever-existed sexual oppression. In Chapter Three, I continue to bring out that the theme of pain has been seasoned by comic flavor in other works by other artists who also took sexual plurality rights to heart. Although the theatrical change could not prove that the sexual oppression has already been fully emancipated, it indicated that theater representation of sexual plurality became more developed. Finally, I conclude that these sexual plurality works made contributions to the little theater cultural resources on the aspects of theme, character and theatrical skills. Through these works, artists helped to cultivate a group of audience who supported sexual plurality representations.

Chapter One Introduction……………………………………..……………..1
I. Out against sexual oppression: The sprout of sexual plurality performance in the
little theater and its backlash……………..…………………………………….….1
II. Theorizing on the representation of sexual plurality…………..……………….5
III. Little theater: The best exemplifications of sexual defense…………………...9
Chapter Two Staging the sexual plurality in pain……………….…………...15
I. Coming out as a snake-- The homosexual metaphor in White Serpent…..….19
II. Bad women and their frustrated bad sex………………..……………...…...28
III. High-profile lesbians who challenge the social ignorance…………...…32
Chapter Three From screaming to laughter: seasoning the pain with entertaining qualities…………………………………….…...37
I. Implicit lesbian plural love in colorful sugarcoat……………………………...41
II. Sexual difference, gay oppressions………………………………………....…47
Chapter Four Conclusion ………………………………………………..….54
Works Cited ……………………………………………………………………..….59
Appendix--Glossary of Names…………………………………………………...…68

Works Cited
I.English Works
Baird, Vanessa and Jeffrey Weeks. The no-nonsense guide to sexual diversity. Verso Books, 2001.
Califia, Pat. “Public Sex”, Public Sex: The Culture of Radical Sex. Pittsburgh:
Cleis Press, 1994.
Case, Sue-Ellen. Feminism and Theatre. London: Macmillan, 1998.
---. “From Split Subject to Split Britches.” Feminine Focus: Feminine focus the new women playwrights.
---. “Toward a Butch-Femme Aesthetics.” Camp: Queer Aesthetics and the Performing Subject. 1999.
---, ed. Performing Feminisms: Feminist Critical Theory and Theatre. Baltimore: The
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. p.1-53, 251-282.
De Lauretis, Teresa. “Sexual Indifference and Lesbian Representation.” Case, ed.
Performing Feminisms: Feminist Critical Theory and Theatre. Baltimore: The
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. 17-39.
Duncan, Nancy, ed. “Renegotiating Gender and Sexuality in Public and Private
Space.” Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London:
Routledge, 1996.
Edwards, Tim. “Public Sex: the Eroticisation of an Oppressed Position.” Erotics and
Politics: Gay Male Sexuality, Masculinity and Feminism. London: Routledge,
1994.
Kipnis. Laura. Against Love. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003.
Rich, Adrienne. “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence.” Blood, bread,
and poetry : selected prose, 1979-1985. New York: Norton, 1994, c1986.
Rubin, Gayle. “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of
Sexuality. ” Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality. Ed. Carol S.
Vance. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984.
Schechner, Richard. “Performers and Spectators Transported and Transformed”
Between Theater and Anthropology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvia Press,
1985.
Su, Pei-kai. “Belittling Little Theatre, Belittling Self: Wei Ying-chuan''s Recent
Works and the Post-Little Theatre Movement.” The Graduate Program of English and American Language and Literature in NCU. Master Thesis. 2003.
Wittig, Monique. The Straight Mind and Other Essays. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992.
II.Chinese works:
Chan, Hui-ling 詹慧玲 (Ed.) Sleeping Five Hundred Years--Script Collections of Critical Point Theater Phenomenon. [狂睡五百年——臨界點劇象錄劇本集] Taipei: Critical Point Publisher. 2002.
Chang, Chuan-fen 張娟芬. Against the Wall. [姐妹戲牆] Taipei: Udn Press. 1998.
Chang, Hsiao-hung 張小虹. Gender Crossing: Feminist Literary Theory and Criticism. Taipei: Udn Press.1995.
---. Queer Desire: Mapping Gender and Sexuality. Taipei: Udn Press. 1993.
---. Postmodern Woman: Power, Desire and Gender Performance. Taipei: China Times Publishing. 1996.
Chao, Yeng-ning 趙彥寧. “US Space Shuttle Going to the Moon: Global Metaphors and Local Strategies in Building up Taiwan’s Lesbian Identities.” [戴著草帽去旅行] Taipei: Chuliu Book Company. 2001.
---. “Sex, Sexuality, and Body Politics: Constructing a Lesbian Body Aesthetic in Taiwan.” Visionary Essays in Sexuality/Gender Studies: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference On Sexuality Education, Sexology, Trans/Gender Studies and LesBiGay Studies. Ho Chuen-juei. (Ed.) Vols. 1. Taipei: Meta Media Publishers. 1997.
Chi, Da-wei 紀大偉. Archipelago: a Reader of the Queer Discourses in Taiwan. [酷兒啟示錄] Taipei: Meta Media Publishers. 1997. 9-17.
Chi, Wei-Jan 紀蔚然. “Little Theater in Historical Context.” [歷史脈絡中的小劇場] Taipei: Performing Art Review Magazine. Sept. 1996. pp.98-99.
Chou, Hui-lin 周慧玲. “Multifarious ‘Women’ Theater Festival.” [五花八門的女節] Taipei: Performing Art Review Magazine. May, 1996a. pp.65-66.
---. “Colorful Language and Gloves, Fluorescent Pink, Blue and Green—Performance
of Contemporary Women.” [彩色語言花手套, 粉紅藍寶螢光綠—屬於台灣的
女性表演] Taipei: Performing Art Review Magazine. May, 1996b. pp. 67-69.
Chung, Hui-ru 鍾慧如. “The Lost Soul.” [失落的靈魂] Lihpao Daily, Oct. 8th, 1994.
Chung, Ming-der 鐘明德. The Taiwanese Avan-Garde: In Search of Total Art and Contemporary Taipei Culture. Taipei: Bookman Books. July, 1996.
Deng, pi-yun 鄧丕雲. Student Movements in the Eighties of Taiwan. [八零年代台灣學生運動史] Taipei: Avanguard Publisher. 1993.
Deng, zhi-lan 鄧芝蘭. “What Exactly is Homosexual?” [同性戀到底為何] China Times Evening. Sept. 5th. 1994.
Ding, Nai-fei & Liu Ren-pong 丁乃非, 劉人鵬. “Wangliang Wen Jing.” Taoyuan: The Center for the Study of Sexualities of National Central University. Nov. 27th, 1999. 109-13.
Feng, Hu li (Madfox) 瘋狐狸. “Modern Theater in Taipei.” [現代戲劇在台北] Taipei Pictorial. Taipei: Taipei City Government. Oct. 2000.
Ho, Chuen-juei (Ed) 何春蕤. Tonzhi (Queer) Studies. [同志研究] Taipei: Chuliu Book Company. 2001.
---. The Gallant Woman--Feminism and Sexual Emancipation. Taipei: Crown Publishers. 1994.
---. Contestations Over Female Sexuality: Dissenting Essays on "The Gallant Woman". Taipei: Meta Media Publishers. 1997.
Huang, Cheng-huang 黃承晃. “Theater and Body.” [劇場與身體] Taipei: Performing Art Review Publisher. Sept. 1993.
Li, Li-heng 李立亨. “Multi Aspects of Sexuality/Politics/Theater.” [性別/政治/劇場面面觀] Taipei: Performing Art Review Magazine. Nov. 1996.
Liao, Ying-Chih 廖瑩芝. “The Research of Taipei Gay Theatre in 90''s.” Institute of Art Studies in NCKU. Master Thesis. 2000.
Lou, Jing-yao 羅敬堯. “On that Night, Let’s Go Gender Crossing：The Drag Aesthetic, AIDS Representation and the Cross-Cultural Icon of Globalization in Taiwan Queer Theater in 1990s：Three Works of Hong-ling Jin-fen Ju-tuan of Blushing Diva Troupe.” Cultural Studies Monthly. Vols. 27. May. 15th, 2003.
Lu, Jian-ying 盧健英. “ Homosexuality Becomes the fin de siecle Hit.” [同性戀成為世紀末最擾攘的話題] China Times Evening. Aug. 17th, 1994.
Ma, sen 馬森. Two West Tides of Chinese Modern Drama. [中國現代戲劇的兩度西潮] Taipei: Wenhua Shenghuo Xinzhi Press. 1991.
“Male-to-male Marriage Held Today.” [男婚男嫁 今行婚禮] Udn News.
Nov. 10th, 1996.
Ni, Jia- zhen 倪家珍. “Discourses and Subjects of Homosexual Movements in the Nineties of Taiwan.” [九零年代同性戀論述與運動主體在台灣] Visionary Essays in Sexuality/Gender Studies: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference On Sexuality Education, Sexology, Trans/Gender Studies and LesBiGay Studies. Vols. 1. Ho Chuen-juei. (Ed.) Taipei: Meta Media Publishers. 1997.
Ning, Yin-bin 甯應斌. “Notes Towards An Intellectual History of Sexual Emancipation: Erotic Politics, Erotic Minority, Erotic Stratification." Working Papers in Gender / Sexuality Studies, 3&4 (September 1998): 179-234. Sept, 1998. pp.179-234.
---. “Idiosyncratic Sexuality and The Social Construction of Sexuality: Towards A Theory of Sexual Emancipation." Visionary Essays in Sexuality/Gender Studies: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference On Sexuality Education, Sexology, Trans/Gender Studies and LesBiGay Studies. Vols. 1. Chuen-juei. (Ed.) Taipei: Meta Media Publishers, 1997. 109-190.
---. “Is Plural Love Immoral?” [劈腿戀不道德嗎?] Liberty Times.
May. 19th, 1999.
---. “Love in the Unfaithful Era.” [愛在外遇的年代] China Times. April. 2nd, 2000.
Pan, Ya-jun 潘雅君. “Heading Onstage in Search of Historical Position.” [被推向幕前, 尋思歷史定位] China Times Evening. Sept. 5th, 1994.
Ruan, Mei-hiu 阮美慧. “The Little Theater ‘Movement’ in the Era of Post-Martial Law of Taiwan: 1986~1990.” [解嚴後台灣小劇場運動考察] Tainan: Yun Han Xue Kan. 1999.
Shih, li 施立. “The Critical Point in Life—Tian Chi-yuan’s Ten Years Life in the
Little Theater (1986-1996).” [生命的臨界點——田啟元的劇場十年] The
Graduate Program of Theater and Performance of Taipei National University.
Master thesis. 1999.
Song, Wen-li and Xu guang zheng 宋文里, 徐光正. The Emerging Social Movement
in Taiwan.[台灣新興社會運動] Taipei: Chuliu Book Company. 1989.
Su, Pei-kai 蘇培凱. “Belittling Little Theatre, Belittling Self: Wei Ying-chuan''s
Recent Works and the Post-Little Theatre Movement” The Graduate Program of English Dept. in Taipei National University. Master thesis. 2003.
Symposiums of Modern Theaters in Taiwan. [台灣現代劇場研討會論文集] Taipei: Coucil for Cultural Affairs, 1996.
“Taiwan’s First Gay Wedding.” [同志婚禮 台灣第一次] Udn News. Nov.
11th, 1996.
“The Newly Weds Make the Gay Dream Come True.” [這對新人替同志愛圓夢]
Udn Evening News. Oct. 31st, 1996.
Wang, Mo-lin 王墨林. City Theater and its Bodies. [都市劇場與身體] Taipei: Daoxiang Press, 1992.
Wang, Wan-rong 王婉容. “Twenty years of little theater in Taiwan.” [台灣小劇場二十年] Central Daily News, Nov. 4th, 2000.
Wu, Qi-lin 巫祈麟. “Big Events of Experimental and Performance Art in Recent Decade.” [行動實驗表演十年大事] Nov. 29th, 2004. http://publish.pots.com.tw/Chinese/CoverStory/2004/11/29/337_cover_06/
Yen. Hung-ya 閻鴻亞. “The Context of Taiwan Modern Theater.” [台灣現代劇場的來龍去脈] Nov. 29th, 2005.
　 http://www.cgu.edu.tw/GE/totalplan/human-society-plan/speak/941129.doc
Zheng. Yin-zhen 鄭尹真. “Big Events of LGBT Movement in the Decade (1994~2004).” [同志運動十年大事回顧] nov. 18th, 2004. http://publish.pots.com.tw/Chinese/CoverStory/2004/11/18/335_4cover_2
III.Filmography:
Love Homosexsual in Chinese (毛屍) Dir. Tian Chi-yuan. (Critical Point Theater
Phenomenon). DVD, 1st September, 1988.
Mary & Marlin. (瑪莉瑪蓮) Dir. Tian Chi-yuan. (Critical Point Theater Phenomenon). DVD, April, 1995.
Water Spirit. (水幽) Dir. Tian Chi-yuan. (Critical Point Theater Phenomenon).
DVD, 1st July, 1993.
White Serpent. (白水) Dir. Tian Chi-yuan . (Critical Point Theater Phenomenon).
DVD, March, 1995.
Lysistrata—The Queenier, The Prettier. (莉西翠妲——越Queen越美麗), Dir. Wu
Da-gang. (Blushing Diva Troupe). DVD, October, 1996.
The Importance of Being a Real Man. (都是娘娘腔惹的禍), Dir. Wu Da-gang.
(Blushing Diva Troupe). DVD, April, 1998.
Dance Upon the Broom. (我們之間心心相印——女朋友作品1號), Dir. Wei
Ying-chuan. DVD, 19th January, 1996.
Lace-Trimmed Whip. (六彩蕾絲鞭), Dir. Chiu An-chen. DVD, 1995.