素有法國後現代「高科技」社會理論大師之稱的尚布希亞，在其完整的「擬
仿物理論」中觸及了歷史、社會與當今科技的關聯；有鑑於此，本論文將依循此
理論，藉以探究科幻小說的前世今生，並用「慾望科技」這個概念，找出科技與
人性之間微妙的關係。Nokia 的廣告詞「科技始終來自於人性」似乎又再度使「科
技」這個字眼在台灣的學術會議上引發正反兩極的詮釋。甚者，有關科技與人文
的議題更不斷在學界延燒。基於「當下」的考量，布希亞提出擬仿物的三個階段，
藉以從歷史的進程中反思「真相」的概念以及科學一向強調的「客觀」。他將擬
仿物劃分成三階段，從文藝復興，到工業革命，再進入後現代； 之中，三個要
素分別是模仿、製造及模擬。本論文也將從這三個階段來檢視科幻小說的演變，
其中包括(1)萌芽期、(2)發展期與(3)成熟期。大致上，奇幻文學(如奧維德的《變
形記》)屬於第一期；傳統的科幻小說(如瑪麗雪萊的《科學怪人》屬於第二期；
科技理論(如基因工程)屬於第三期，亦是傳統科幻小說的延伸。在討論這三個時
期時，將從《科學怪人》中所衍生的普羅米修斯式的反叛切入，藉以「違背神意」
的科技主張破除似是而非的「自然法則」，並揭示潛藏在科技中的災難，以便發
展出人文/科技交纏的完美理論，去建造一個以人或自然為本的科技烏托邦。

Grounded in the French (postmodern high-tech social) thinker Jean
Baudrillard’s theory of simulacra, my thesis focuses on the concept of the “desire for
technology” to seek for an overall understanding of the relationship between
technology and human desire, based on critical readings of science fictions and
related materials. The slogan of Nokia’s commercial, “Technology always comes with
human desire,” is a starting point that never fails to bring out conflicting
interpretations of the human face of “technology” at some conferences in Taiwan.
Issues associated with technology and humanity are, therefore, highlighted in
academia. Based on a “here-and-now” perspective, Baudrillard points out the three
orders of simulacra that rethink the conception of “reality” and the objectiveness of
science in history. He classifies simulacra into three orders from the Renaissance
through the industrial revolution to the postmodern era. The dominant schemes in the
three orders are respectively counterfeit, production, and simulation. Similarly, my
study also focuses on the three stages to examine the procession of science fiction (SF)
and its earlier and later personifications, including the beginning, the developing, and
the culminating stages. All in all, fantasy literature (e.g., Ovid’s Metamorphoses)
belongs to the beginning stage. Science fiction (e.g., Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein)
belongs to the developing one. Lastly, technological theory belongs to the culminating
stage, namely, the expansion of traditional SF. Among the three stages, a Promethean
rebellion against God’s will, especially derived from Frankenstein, will announce the
death of Nature, disclose potential disasters in technology, and further stimulate us to
construct a human-centered technological utopia.

English Abstract vi
Chinese Abstract vii
Acknowledgments viii
Introduction 1
Chapter One: When Desire Meets Technology: From Jean Baudrillard’s “The
Orders of Simulacra” to Science Fiction 10
I. Three Orders of Simulacra 12
II. Critiques of Baudrillard’s Simulacra Theory 20
Notes 26
Chapter Two: A Trilogy of Desire for Technology in Frankenstein: From Fantasy
Literature through Science Fiction to Technological Theory 28
I. Fantasy Literature in Terms of the First Order of Simulacra:
Technological Desire in Ovid’s Metamorphoses 36
II. Science Fiction in Terms of the Second Order of Simulacra:
Technological Ambivalence in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein 44
III. Technological Theory in Terms of the Third Order of Simulacra:
Technological Practice in the Post-Industrial Society 65
IV. Conclusion 74
Notes 76
Conclusion 79
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