自二十世紀九十年代起，聯合國已經成為全球LGBT運動家的重要倡導陣地。很多LGBT非政府組織正積極參與聯合國事務，利用聯合國人權機制為框架去反對國家支持的恐同行為，并呼籲目標國進行法律或政策改革以保護LGBT群體的權益。現有研究大多從宏觀視角對這種新型的倡導形式表示讚同或批判，本文通過分析國際LGBTI聯合會（ILGA）在聯合國的行動來梳理LGBT非政府組織參與聯合國人權機制的典型操作模式。同時本文對非西方本土LGBT非政府組織的聯合國參與進行的檢視。儘管由於資金，專業性，人脈等因素，非西方本土組織參與聯合國機制的範式和策略選擇受到限制和影響，并與國際LGBT非政府組織的典型操作模式趨同。但在參與聯合國人權機制的過程中，非西方本土組織對不斷複製特定框架，身份和價值的國際人權機制的內在抵抗，是探索解放在地性/別少數群體新路徑的起點。

During the past thirty years, the United Nations (UN), which had a human rights mechanism since 1945, has become a key battlefield for global lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) activists. A number of LGBT non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are active in the United Nations, using human rights as framework to fight against state-sponsored homophobia and call for legal or policy reform in the target states to promote global LGBT rights. Instead of simply celebrating or rejecting this new trend from a macro-perspective, I focus on displaying the specific operation methods of LGBT NGOs by exploring International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association’s (ILGA) engagement at the UN. I also examine non-western LGBT NGOs’ involvement by analyzing cases of non-western NGOs’ participation in the UN. Although the frameworks and strategies of local LGBT NGOs in the United Nations are highly affected by the prevailing operation method for their independence on international funds, expertise and networking, the nonconforming aspects emerging from their participation in the UN imply a potential alternative approach to liberate local sexual minorities, which may bring dynamic into the pedantic and repetitive reproduction of frames, identities and values in international human rights mechanism.

English Abstract……………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
中文摘要 ………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ
致謝辭 …………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………… V
Introduction……………………………………………………….. 1
Chapter 1
The Background of LGBT NGOs’ Advocacies in the UN …………………………. 6
Chapter 2
State Sponsored Homophobia and State Protected Homosexuality: ILGA’s Framework and Strategy in the UN ……………………………………………………………. 19
Chapter 3
Reproduction of Dominant Value-Codings in the UN Human Rights system…………………… 36
Chapter 4
Unpredictability Emerging from Local NGOs Participation in the UN………….. 61
Conclusion ……………………………. 75
Works Cited …………………79

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