本研究藉由中文母語者如何處理漢語結果句的「重動構式」(Resultative de-Verb Copying Construction)，探討句法、語義和語境的互動。漢語結果句重動構式由以下組件構成：主語 + 動詞 + 直接賓語 + 動詞 + 補語。在漢語中，此重動構式可以有修飾主語解讀(subject-modifying reading，例如：孩子飼養昆蟲飼養得非常著迷)和/或修飾賓語的解讀(object-modifying reading，例如：孩子飼養昆蟲飼養得非常大量)。前者表示主語被在動詞後的補語修飾，而產生修飾主語的解讀；而後者則表示賓語被在動詞後的補語修飾，而有著修飾賓語的解讀。本研究使用了跨模式詞彙促發實驗(cross-modal lexical priming task)，受試者在實驗時需要專注聆聽含促發項(prime)的重動構式，同時判斷螢幕上的目標詞(target)是否為真實存在的中文詞彙。在此實驗中，我們操縱了促發項(prime)和目標詞(target)之間的語義相關性，探討受試者在理解語句時，是採用串行還是並行的理解策略 (serial vs. parallel parsing)。我們的研究顯示：(1) 如果句子中存在可靠的句法資訊，則句法可以主導其句子的解讀。(2) 當句子語言資訊是中立時，受試者會同時納入句法和語意的資訊並考慮不同解讀的可能性。(3)在重動構式之前，呈現主語修飾副詞(subject-modifying adverbs) ，並不會影響在重動構式的線上解析策略。整合三個實驗的結果，我們推論在線上句子理解過程中，人們採用並行解析策略(parallel parsing)，顯示句法和語義是並行互動的。

This current study investigated how syntax, semantics and contextual information interact in real-time by investigating the processing of Chinese resultatives de-Verb Copying Construction (VCC). The structure is constructed by these components: subject + verb + direct object + verb + complement. VCC has a subject-modifying reading and/or an object-modifying reading. The former indicates that a post-verbal complement modifies the subject whereas the latter means that a post-verbal complement modifies the object. The current study used a cross-modal lexical priming task (CMLPT). Participants were asked to listen to VCC construction while perform a lexical decision task to visual targets presented on the screen. We manipulated the semantic relatedness between the primes and the targets to probe the parsing strategies of different sentence structures. Our work suggests that (1) If reliable syntactic information is available in the sentence context, syntax could guide the interpretations. (2) When the sentential information is neutral, comprehenders would entertain different interpretations at the same time. (3) The presence of a subject-modifying adverb before VCCs would not override the original parsing strategy. Results from our three experiments suggested that syntax and semantics interact in parallel when processing sentences online.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝辭 ii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Purpose of current study 2
1.3 Significance 2
1.4 Outline of this thesis 3

Chapter 2 Literature Review 4
2.1 Resultatives de-Verb Copying Construction (VCC) in Mandarin 4
2.1.1 Subject-modifying VCC vs. Object-modifying VCC 6
2.2 Theoretical Models on Sentence Processing 9
2.2.1 Serial Parser 10
2.2.2 Parallel Parser 11
2.2.3 Contextual Effect 12
2.3 Cross-modal lexical priming task (CMLPT) 13
2.4 The Current Study 14

Chapter 3 Experiment 1: Verb Copying Construction 19
3.1 Methods 20
3.1.1 Participants 20
3.1.2 Materials 20
3.1.3 Procedure 25
3.1.4 Data Analysis 26
3.2 Results 27
3.3 Discussion 29

Chapter 4 Experiment 2: Ba Construction 31
4.1 Methods 33
4.1.1 Participants 33
4.1.2 Materials 34
4.1.3 Procedure 34
4.1.4 Data Analysis 35
4.2 Results 35
4.3 Discussion 37

Chapter 5 Experiment 3: Contextual Effect on Verb Copying Construction 39
5.1 Methods 40
5.1.1 Participants 40
5.1.2 Materials 40
5.1.3 Procedure 43
5.1.4 Data Analysis 43
5.2 Results 43
5.3 Discussion 45

Chapter 6 General Discussion and Conclusion 47

References 52

Appendix 1: Experiment materials 52

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