本論文之目的在探索西拉雅語的語法，從西拉雅語的歷史文本中歸納出西拉雅語的音韻、構詞、句法的重要現象與法則。這些歷史文本主要是十七世紀荷蘭宣教士所翻譯的福音書和教理問答。這些文本所呈現的語言現象是當時西拉雅人所使用的母語。荷蘭人離台後，由於西拉雅人與不同族群接觸和不同統治者的語言政策，導致西拉雅語不再使用長達近200年，而被認為是死語。如今西拉雅人努力在找回祖先的語言，希望在西拉雅語復振的過程中，不管是詞彙或句型的使用，都能有所依據，能經得起檢視。本論文呈現西拉雅語重要的語法現象，供教學者與學習者參考。
本研究分十六章。第一章為緒論，介紹西拉雅語的歷史、地理與語言背景、本研究動機與目的、研究資料來源與方法、以及先前有關西拉雅語研究的文獻回顧。第二章討論語音與書寫符號、音韻系統 以及詞彙拼寫建議。第三章描述格位、代名詞系統及指示詞。第四章討論四種動詞語態、時貌語氣系統、動詞未實現形式的多重功能。第五章是衍生名詞，探討詞彙名物化與衍生現象，了解動詞透過各種加綴及不加綴而衍生成為名詞用法。第六章討論存在句、所有句、處所句結構，包含三種結構的肯定句與否定句。第七章討論使動結構的形成，一是藉由構詞方式，二是藉由句法。第八章討論否定詞的詞性和句法結構。第九章討論疑問結構，包含是非問句、選擇問句與含疑問詞的問句。第十章討論西拉雅語疑問詞之非疑問用法。第十一章討論連動結構。第十二章討論並列結構。第十三章探討補語結構。第十四章討論各種修飾結構，如限定性關係子句與非限定關係子句、以及各種副詞子句。第十五章探討反身結構與交互結構。最後一章為全文之結論、貢獻與未來研究之建議。

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the grammar of Siraya and to deduce the phenomena of phonology, morphology, and syntax from the available Siraya historical texts. These historical texts are mainly Gospels and catechisms translated by Dutch missionaries in the 17th century. The linguistic phenomena presented in these texts is the native language spoken by the Siraya people at that time. After the Dutch left Taiwan, due to the contact of different ethnic groups and the language policies of different rulers, Siraya was no longer used for nearly 200 years, and was considered a dead language. Now the Siraya people are trying hard to find their ancestral language, hoping that in the process of reviving the Siraya language, whether it is the use of vocabulary or sentence patterns, there will be a basis for it. This dissertation presents important grammatical phenomena of Siraya for the reference of teachers and learners.
This study consists of sixteen chapters. Chapter 1 is an introduction, which introduces the distribution of Siraya language, population, motivation, and purpose of this study, research sources and methods, and literature review. Chaper 2 discusses phonetic and written symbols, stress. Chapter 3 describes case markers, pronoun system and demonstratives. Chapter 4 discusses voice system. Chaper 5 is about derived nominals. Chapter 6 discuss existential, possessive and locative constructions respectively. Chapter 7 deals with causative construction. Chapter 8 discusses negators and negative constructions. Chapter 9 introduces the interrogative construction, including Yes-No questions, alterative questions and wh-questions. Chapter 10 discusses the non-interrogative construction. Chapter 11 discusses three coordination constructions. Chapter 12 discusses complement constructions. Chapter 13 discusses modifying constructions, such as restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses, and various adverbial clauses. Chapter 14 discuss reflexive constructions reciprocal constructions.
The final chapter is conclusion, which presents conclusions, contributions, research limitation, and suggestions for future studies.

第一章 緒論 1
1. 歷史背景與現況........................................................................1
2. 研究動機與目的........................................................................3
3. 資料來源與研究方法 ...............................................................4
4. 文獻回顧 .................................................................................4
4.1 音韻諸議題.....................................................................4
4.2 構詞與借字.....................................................................6
4.3 句法.................................................................................7
4.4 最近的研究.....................................................................8
5. 本論文之架構...........................................................................8
第二章 語音、書寫符號與音韻系統 10
1. 語音系統.................................................................................10
1.1 元音與雙元音..................................................................10
1.2 輔音.................................................................................11
2. 音韻系統.................................................................................13
2.1 音節結構........................................................................13
2.2 詞彙重音........................................................................15
2.3 音韻規則 ........................................................................15
2.3.1 x / h 的省略............................................................16
2.3.2 元音刪除 ............................................................16
2.3.3 插入子音 ............................................................17
2.3.4 其他可能的音韻規則 ..........................................18
3. 方言差異.................................................................................19
4. 有關詞彙拼寫的建議原則 ......................................................20
5. 本章小結.................................................................................22
第三章 詞序、格位與代名詞系統 23
1. 詞序 .......................................................................................23
1.1 基本句型的詞序 ............................................................23
1.2 主題化與分裂句的詞序...................................................24
2. 格位標記.................................................................................25
2.1 主格 ..............................................................................25
2.2 屬格 ..............................................................................27
2.3 斜格..............................................................................28
2.4 伴隨格 ...........................................................................31
2.5 處所格...........................................................................32
2.5.1 標記處所與時間 ...................................................32
2.5.2 標記原因...............................................................33
2.6 格位與人名標記小結......................................................35
3. 代名詞系統 ...........................................................................35
3.1 主格..............................................................................36
3.2 斜格 ..............................................................................37
3.3 屬格 ..............................................................................41
3.4.第三人稱代名詞也可表物 ................................................41
4. 指示詞....................................................................................43
5. 本章小結.................................................................................45
第四章 語態、時貌語氣系統 47
1. 動詞語態概說 ........................................................................47
2. 西拉雅語的動詞語態 ...............................................................47
2.1 主事語態........................................................................48
2.1.1 動態動詞...............................................................48
2.1.2 靜態動詞...............................................................49
2.2 受事語態 ........................................................................52
2.3 處所語態 ........................................................................53
2.4 工具語態........................................................................54
3. 動貌 .......................................................................................56
3.1 進行式動詞.....................................................................56
3.2 完成式動詞.....................................................................58
4. 動詞之未實現形式的多重功能................................................61
4.1 純粹未來 ........................................................................62
4.2 祈使或命令的語氣 .........................................................63
4.3 祈願語氣 ........................................................................68
5. 本章小結 ..............................................................................69
第五章 衍生性名詞 70
1. 檢視衍生性名詞的準則 ............................................................70
2. 衍生性名詞的類別..................................................................73
2.1 表主事者的衍生名詞......................................................73
2.2 表受事者或客體的衍生名詞 ..........................................83
2.3 表處所的衍生名詞.........................................................87
2.4 兩種形式的衍生性名詞...................................................90
2.5 表活動或狀態之衍生名詞................................................93
2.6 抽象名詞........................................................................98
3. 無加綴的衍生名詞 ...............................................................101
4. 本章小結 .................................................................................102
第六章 存在句、所有句和處所句結構 ....................................103
1. 存在句 .................................................................................104
2. 所有句 .................................................................................107
3. 處所句 .................................................................................111
4. 存在句、所有句和處所句的否定 ..........................................114
4.1 存在句的否定 ...............................................................114
4.2 所有句的否定 ...............................................................115
4.3 處所句的否定 ...............................................................116
5. 本章小結 ..............................................................................117
第七章 使動結構 118
1. 構詞式的使動句.....................................................................119
1.1 含有 pa-的使役動詞......................................................119
1.1.1 使動句的主事語態 .............................................120
1.1.2 使動句的受事語態 .............................................121
1.1.3 使動句的處所語態 .............................................122
1.1.4 使動動詞表明狀態的改變 ....................................123
1.2 含有前綴 pu-的使動動詞 .............................................125
2. 句法式的使動句.....................................................................126
2.1 雙論元使動結構 ............................................................126
2.2 三論元使動結構 .........................................................127
5. 本章小結..............................................................................129
第八章 否定結構 130
1. 敘述句的否定........................................................................130
1.1 名詞謂語句的否定 ......................................................130
1.1.1 Asi .....................................................................130
1.1.2 Nino ..................................................................131
1.2 否定動詞謂語 ...............................................................133
1.3 否定靜態動詞謂語 ......................................................134
2. 祈使句的否定........................................................................135
2.1 Asi ..............................................................................135
2.2 Ina ..............................................................................136
3. 存在句、擁有句、處所句的否定 ..........................................139
4. 具有否定意義的動詞 ............................................................141
4.1 Inang ...........................................................................141
4.2 Rmau ...........................................................................143
4.3 Mangala 和 mananay ...................................................144
4.4 Mavax ...........................................................................145
5. 部分否定 ..............................................................................146
6. 否定一個子句 ........................................................................147
7. 本章小結 ..............................................................................148
第九章 疑問句結構 149
1. 是非問句 ..............................................................................149
1.1 有 kawa 的是非問句 ...................................................149
1.2 未含有 kawa 的是非問句 .............................................152
2. 選擇問句 ..............................................................................153
3. 含疑問詞的問句 .....................................................................155
3.1 疑問詞之構詞 ...............................................................155
3.2 與人有關的疑問詞 ......................................................156
3.2.1 Timang 與 timangan .............................................156
3.2.2 Atimang ...............................................................161
3.3 與事物有關的疑問詞 ...................................................162
3.4 與動作有關的疑問詞 ...................................................166
3.4.1 Umang ...............................................................166
3.4.2 Mataimang ............................................................168
3.4.3 Paxmang ............................................................168
3.5 與處所有關的疑問詞 ...................................................170
3.5.1 Tumang ...............................................................170
3.5.2 Makakuna ............................................................171
3.5.3 Matakuna ............................................................172
3.5.4 Itukakuna ............................................................173
3.5.5 Saxkakuna ............................................................174
3.6 與時間、樣貌和原因有關的疑問詞 ..............................174
3.6.1 Mano ..................................................................174
3.6.2 Mamaimang 和 mama ki mang ..............................175
3.6.3 Kaumang ...............................................................180
3.7 與質量、時間和程度有關的疑問詞 ..............................183
3.7.1 Pipina ..................................................................183
3.7.2 Makapina, makamang ki dalia, mamang irirang.........184
4. 間接問句 ..............................................................................186
5. 本章小結 ..............................................................................188
第十章 疑問詞的非疑問用法 190
1. 有明顯標記的非疑問結構 ......................................................190
1.1 否定句中的非疑問結構 ................................................191
1.2 條件句中的非疑問結構 ................................................193
1.3 是非問句中的非疑問結構 .............................................194
2. 無明顯標記的結構 ..................................................................195
2.1 直述句的非疑問結構 ......................................................196
2.2 關係句的非疑問用法 ......................................................198
3. 疑問詞重疊形的疑問用法 ......................................................202
4. 本章小結 ..............................................................................203
第十一章 連動結構 204
1. 連動結構 ..............................................................................204
2. 動詞分類 ..............................................................................205
2.1 行動動詞 .....................................................................205
2.2 姿態動詞 .....................................................................206
2.3 狀態起始 / 終結動詞 207
2.4 心理動詞 .....................................................................208
2.5 言談動詞 .....................................................................210
2.6 表形貌的動詞 ...............................................................213
2.7 頻率動詞 .....................................................................214
2.8 方向性動詞 ..................................................................215
2.9 情態動詞 .....................................................................216
2.10 表控制的動詞 ............................................................218
3. 連動結構的一些反例 ............................................................219
4. 本章小結 ..............................................................................220
第十二章 並列結構 221
1. 對等並列結構 ........................................................................221
1.1 子句的連接 ..................................................................222
1.2 動詞組的連接 ...............................................................223
1.3 名詞的連接 ..................................................................223
2. 反義並列結構 ........................................................................225
3. 選擇並列結構 ........................................................................227
4. 本章小結 ..............................................................................228
第十三章 補語結構 229
1. 感官動詞的補語結構 ............................................................229
2. 認知動詞的補語結構 ............................................................231
2.1 Mavana/mumxa/tnamsing ................................................231
2.2 Paxdimdim/paxdalax/harala .............................................233
3. 述說動詞的補語結構 ............................................................235
4. 本章小結 ..............................................................................239
第十四章 修飾結構 240
1. 關係子句 ..............................................................................240
1.1 限定性關係子句 ............................................................240
1.1.1 主事語態的關係子句 ..........................................241
1.1.2 受事語態的關係子句 ..........................................243
1.1.3 處所語態的關係子句 ..........................................243
1.1.4 工具語態的關係子句 ..........................................244
1.1.5 修飾疑問詞的關係子句 .......................................245
1.2 非限定性關係子句 .........................................................246
1.3 無先行詞的關係子句 ...................................................247
2. 副詞子句 ..............................................................................249
2.1 原因子句 .....................................................................250
2.1.1 Alay ka / Alay ki ...................................................250
2.1.2 Ki / ka ..................................................................252
2.2 條件子句 .....................................................................253
2.2.1 Ru, du, tu ............................................................253
2.2.2 Hairu ..................................................................255
2.2.3 複雜的條件句 ......................................................257
2.3 時間子句 .....................................................................258
2.3.1 當...之時 ............................................................258
2.3.1.1 Du, ru, tu ...................................................258
2.3.1.2 Iru ka .........................................................259
2.3.2 複雜的時間子句 ................................................260
2.3.3 表「以前」的時間子句 .......................................262
2.3.4 表「以後」的時間子句 .......................................264
2.3.4.1 Iru ka ni-V ................................................264
2.3.4.2 Ru...ni-V ...................................................265
2.3.4.3 Siawx .........................................................266
2.3.5 表未來時間中動作的先後關係 ...........................267
2.4 讓步子句 .....................................................................268
2.5 目的子句 .....................................................................270
2.5.1 Tu-目的子句.........................................................270
2.5.2 Ki-目的子句 .........................................................273
2.5.3 Ka-目的子句 ......................................................274
2.5.4 Alay ka ...............................................................275
2.5.5 複雜的目的子句 ................................................278
3. 本章小結 ..............................................................................278
第十五章 反身結構與交互結構 279
1. 西拉雅語的反身結構 ............................................................279
1.1 強調人稱代名詞和普通名詞 ..........................................279
1.2 連動結構 .....................................................................281
1.3 前綴共諧 .....................................................................282
2. 交互結構 ..............................................................................285
2.1 名詞的交互結構 ............................................................285
2.2 動詞的交互結構 ............................................................286
2.2.1 Nado, nanado,nadonado .......................................286
2.2.1 Tavax, tavatavax ...................................................287
3. 本章小結 ..............................................................................288
第十六章 結論 ...........................................................................289
1. 研究結果 ........................................................................289
2. 貢獻與研究限制 ............................................................290
3. 未來研究的建議 ............................................................291
參考文獻 292

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線上資源：
信望愛信仰與聖經資源中心。https://bible.fhl.net/index.html。
原住民族語言書寫系統。
https://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/6/RelFile/6508/7828/aboriginal.pdf
族語 E 樂園空中族語教室。https://web.klokah.tw/classroom/video.php?id=90。
臺灣南島語系。https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki