利用組織蛋白基因（Histone 3：核染色體）、細胞色素c氧化酶次單元I基因（Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I：粒線體）和rRNA基因（16S ribosomal：粒線體）構建台灣Afronurus屬物種系統發生樹，根據其演化支序及形態特徵鑑定出5個物種並包含9個分類群。從Afronurus hyalinus (Ulmer, 1912)分出兩個隱蔽種Afronurus sp. 01與 Afronurus sp. 02；以及Afronurus f. ssp. 01、Afronurus f. ssp. 02 和Afronurus f. ssp. 03 三個從Afronurus floreus Kang & Yang, 1994細分出的新亞種，並且因Afronurus nanhuensis Kang & Yang, 1994與A. floreus共享粒線體單倍群並且遺傳差異較小，將其處理為Afronurus f. nanhuensis Kang & Yang, 1994；Afronurus chihpenensis Kang & Yang, 1994維持原本的分類階元。分子結果顯示台灣Afronurus屬物種與Afronurus yoshidae Takahashi, 1924的親緣關係較近，與婆羅洲的Afronurus (subgen. Cinygmina) 屬物種較遠。
最短距離網狀分析(Minimum Spanning Network；MSN)與生物地理結果顯示，Afronurus floreus種下群最原始基因型位於網絡中心及生物地理中心，推測其種化歷程為拓殖到不同氣候帶及棲地型態的族群，演化為不同亞種。

The phylogeny of mayfly genus Afronurus from Taiwan was constructed based on histone gene (Histone 3: nuclear gene), Cytochrome c oxidase I gene (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I: mitochondria) and rRNA gene (16S ribosomal: mitochondria). According to the clade structure of phylogenetic tree and comparison of morphological characters, 9 taxa belonging to 5 species are identified. Two cryptic species, Afronurus sp. 01 and Afronurus sp. 02 are recognized from Afronurus hyalinus (Ulmer, 1912). Afronurus f. ssp. 01 , Afronurus f. ssp. 02 and Afronurus f. ssp. 03 are three new subspecies of Afronurus floreus Kang & Yang, 1994. Because Afronurus nanhuensis Kang & Yang, 1994 shares haplogroup with A. floreus and regarded as subspecies Afronurus f. nanhuensis. Afronurus chihpenensis Kang & Yang, 1994 maintains original taxonomic status. Base on the molecular analysis results, Afronurus species of Taiwan are more close to Japanese Afronurus yoshidae Takahashi, 1924 than Afronurus (subgen. Cinygmina) species from Borneo.
According to Minimum Spanning Network (MSN) analysis and geographical distribution pattern of Afronurus floreus infraspecific taxa, the primitive genotype located in the center of network and also in the geographical center. In the prosess of speciation, subspecies established from colonial populations in different habitats and climate zones.

摘要 V
Abstract VI
壹、前言 1
貳、材料與方法 4
標本來源 4
樣本採集與處理 4
DNA萃取及PCR增幅 5
基因條碼鑑定與分析 6
稚蟲形態鑑定與描述 7
參、結果 9
形態描述 10
Afronurus sp. 01 10
Afronurus sp. 02 16
Afronurus hyalinus (Ulmer, 1912) 21
Afronurus chihpenensis Kang & Yang, 1994 26
Afronurus floreus ssp. 01 30
Afronurus floreus ssp. 02 34
Afronurus floreus ssp. 03 (圖： 15、16、21-G ) 38
Afronurus floreus floreus Kang & Yang, 1994 42
Afronurus floreus nanhuensis Kang & Yang, 1994 47
基因分子與演化推論 53
H3基因 53
COI基因 57
16S基因 57
COI + 16S基因組合 57
COI + 16S + H3基因組合 58
A. floreus種下群親緣關係 61
台灣Afronurus物種遺傳差距 66
分佈與生物地理 70
Afronurus hyalinus複合種群 70
Afronurus chihpenensis 71
Afronurus floreus 71
肆、討論 74
外部形態與鑑定 74
生態 76
分子 78
分類 80
生物地理 82
伍、結論與展望 90
陸、謝誌 91
柒、參考文獻 92
附錄一 研究材料採集點位及Afronurus屬物種組成 102
附錄二 序列提取個體資料及所屬單倍型 108

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