本研究旨在檢視一般大學生處於不同情緒狀態下，對選擇性、分散性和持續性3種注意力表現的影響效果。本研究隨機分派181位大學生至快樂、驚訝、恐懼、難過和中性5種情緒組別中，並透過觀看影片及想像醞釀的方式，來引發相關之情緒。各組受試者再依順序隨機的方式，完成選擇性、分散性和持續性3種注意力作業任務，所得的反應率、反應時間及敏感度以t考驗、單因子變異數分析與二因子變異數分析進行差異性檢定。
本研究的主要結果摘要如下：（一）受試者對3種注意力歷程的反應率、反應時間以及敏感度上皆未發生顯著的情緒效應。（二）受試者在3種注意力作業任務中的高正確拒絕率（低假警報率），表示受試者的確能有效區辨刺激目標出現與否，而非透過多次嘗試反應以提高其命中率。（三）在選擇性注意力中，受試者偵測目標刺激出現比偵測目標刺激不出現的反應正確性更高；相反地，在持續性注意力中，受試者偵測目標刺激不出現的反應正確性比偵測目標刺激出現更高。（四）在選擇性注意力上，受試者因受旁邊刺激干擾，在不一致性嘗試的反應速度多於一致性嘗試約42毫秒。（五）在分散性注意力中，相較於聽覺刺激，受試者對視覺目標刺激容易偵測，但也容易誤發反應。（六）在分散性和持續性注意力上，受試者假警報的反應時間皆顯著快於命中的反應時間，表示受試者對誤發反應較屬於衝動式的反應。最後，（七）在分散性注意力上，受試者對視覺注意力的敏感度顯著高於聽覺。

This study was to examine the effect of positive and negative emotions on selective, divided and sustained attentions. A between-subjects design was used in that 181 college students were randomly assigned to one of happiness, surprise, fear, sadness and neutral groups. Subjects in each group watched a given video and asked to make an image or recall an experience to raise a related emotion. Subjects were then presented randomly and asked to complete selective, divided, and sustained attention tasks. At the end of the experiment, subjects were asked to fill a report of emotion state. The obtained data (reaction rate, reaction time and sensitivity) were analyzed by T-tests, one-way ANOVAs, and two-way ANOVAs.
The main results of this study are as follows: (1) No significant emotional effect was found on the measures of reaction rate, reaction time, and sensitivity for all three attention tasks. (2) Subjects can effectively distinguish target or not, rather than through attempts to response to increase their hits. (3) Subjects detected targets better than rejected non-targets in selective attention. On the contrary, subjects rejected non-targets better than detected targets in sustained attention. (4) Subjects slowed down for about 42 milliseconds on incongruent trials than congruent trials in selective attention, due to the interference of peripheral irrelevant stimuli. (5) In divided attention, compared to auditory stimuli, visual stimuli were easier to detect, but also prone to false reactions. (6) In divided and sustained attentions, subjects responded faster in false reactions than hit reactions, which indicates that false reactions should pertain to impulsive ones. Finally, (7) In divided attention, people have better sensitivities in detecting visual stimuli than auditory stimuli.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 名詞解釋 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 注意力的內涵與測量 5
第二節 情緒的內涵 14
第三節 情緒與注意力的相關研究 22
第三章 研究方法 30
第一節 研究設計 30
第二節 研究假設 30
第三節 受試者 31
第四節 實驗材料與儀器 31
第五節 實驗流程 34
第四章 研究結果 36
第一節 情緒操弄檢核 36
第二節 選擇性注意力 37
第三節 分散性注意力 41
第四節 持續性注意力 46
第五章 討論與建議 49
第一節 研究結果討論 49
第二節 研究限制與貢獻 51
第三節 未來研究方向與建議 53
參考文獻 56
附錄一 主觀情緒量表 62
附錄二 受試者參與研究同意書 63
附錄三 實驗程序圖 64
附錄四 注意力作業流程圖 65

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