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作者(中文):曾美焉
論文名稱(中文):一位高年級教師設計數學臆測判斷真偽命題任務培養學生的反駁論證能力之行動研究
論文名稱(外文):The action research of an upper grades primary school teacher designing tasks to judge the truth and false of statements through mathematical conjecturing to develop students ability to refute arguments
指導教授(中文):林碧珍
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立新竹教育大學
系所名稱:數理教育研究所
學號:10025631
出版年(民國):103
畢業學年度:102
語文別:中文
論文頁數:104
中文關鍵詞:數學臆測猜想反駁偽命題數學專業成長團體
外文關鍵詞:mathematical conjecturingconjecturerefutefalse statementmathematics professional development team
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本研究是描述研究者進行設計數學臆測偽命題以培養學生反駁能力及教學的行動歷程,並且在實際行動中所遭遇的困境與解決方法,並進而探究教師改變教學策略的因素及教學者在行動過程中自我反思的歷程。
研究者以自身任教的兩屆高年級班級為研究場域。參與者除了研究者本身,還包含兩屆班上共61位學生,以及跨校數學專業成長團隊成員。在進入教學前,研究者依據文獻、教材、與諍友的討論、學生迷思概念等來設計臆測命題與活動,並進行教學。教學單元包含:異分母分數比較大小、長方體表面積與體積的關係、速率比較快慢。
研究期間,研究者以臆測命題設計策略、蒐集並分析學生的解題記錄、師生課堂對話、撰寫教學反思日記、與諍友交換意見等方式作為行動策略的來源。另外,亦參加「跨校教師的數學專業成長團體」,藉由教室觀察與觀察後的討論會讓研究者對於學生的反駁的困難及教師可以採行的教學策略有更深一層的瞭解。
研究結果發現,學生對於偽命題的判斷易受以下幾點影響:(1)受命題中提供的正例影響而下錯誤判斷。(2)對於偽命題,找不到正例但認為應該有正例只是尚未發現。(3)沒有驗證判斷後的結論是否與原命題的結論一致,將過程中看到的現象當作結論。教師面對學生學習困難因應的策略有:(1)改變布題情境。(2)全班討論溝通。
最後,本研究對教師教學及未來研究提出建議。在教師教學方面:(1)要引導學生在反駁時,不論是真命題或偽命題應要求學生,對正例或反例能同時觀照後,再下最後結論。(2)學生在進行數學臆測任務的執行時應有以下步驟:a.待解問題的記錄。b.執行程序。c.回到命題做最後的結論敘述。而未來研究則可在:如果是偽命題,如何引導學生做命題的修正?在學生臆測未知結果問題的反駁進行相關研究。
This study is to describe the researchers designing mathematical conjecturing false statements to develop students’ ability to refute arguments and the teaching course of action, and the difficulties encountered in action and their solutions, and further explore the factors that teachers change their teaching strategies and the self-reflection course of instructors in the action process.
The researchers study the field in terms of his two consecutive taught upper grades. In addition to the researcher himself, participants also contain two classes of 61 students, as well as cross-school mathematics professional development team. Before entering teaching, the researchers based on literature, textbooks, and to discuss with critical friends, students’ misconceptions, etc., to design conjecturing statements and activities, and perform teaching. Teaching units includes: comparing fractions with different denominators, relationship between surface area and volume of a rectangular parallelepiped, rate comparison of speed.
During the study, the researcher used many ways like designing strategies of conjecturing statements, collecting and analyzing students' problem-solving records, classroom dialogue between teacher and students, writing teaching reflection diaries, and exchanging opinions with critical friends, etc., as the origin of action strategies. In addition, the researcher also attended "inter-school teachers mathematics professional development team", and through classroom observations and seminars, the researcher had a further understanding about students’ difficulties to refute and teaching strategies which could be adopted by teachers.
The research showed that students’ judgment to the false of statements is susceptible to the following effects: (1) Misjudged by the effect of positive examples provided in the statements. (2)For the false statement, couldn’t find positive examples but thought that there should be a positive example just not yet discovered. (3)Without verified that whether the conclusions after judgment are consistent with the conclusions of the original statement, the phenomenon seen during process treated as conclusions. When the researcher faces with the students’ learning difficulties, his coping strategies are: (1) Chang the questions given situation. (2) Class discusses and communicates.
Finally, for teacher’s instruction and future researches this research suggested that, in teacher’s instruction: (1) Guide students in refuting, whether true or false statement, students should be required to reference positive examples and counter examples simultaneously, and then obtain the final conclusions. (2) Students performing mathematical conjecturing tasks should have the following steps: a. Record the problem to be solved. b. Perform the process. c. Back to the statement and narrate the final conclusion. And in future researches: If it is a false statement, how to guide students to make amendments to the statement? Doing studies related on students’ conjecturing unknown results of questions of refuting.
目錄
第壹章緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與待答問題 2
第三節 名詞解釋 2
第貳章文獻探討 5
第一節 臆測、邏輯推理的重要性 5
第二節 演繹推理的理論分析 9
第三節數學臆測、論證與任務設計 13
第叁章研究方法 23
第一節 研究情境 24
第二節 研究架構與期程 30
第三節 研究資料的蒐集與分析 33
第四節 研究效度 36
第肆章 研究歷程 39
第一節異分母分數比較大小臆測教學的行動歷程 39
第二節聚焦在辨別真偽命題臆測任務設計之論證反駁教學探討 78
第伍章行動後的結論與建議 95
第一節 行動後的結論 96
第二節 對未來研究的建議 104
參考文獻 105
壹、中文部分 105
貳、英文部分 108
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