目的：本研究旨在比較老人與年輕人的靜態平衡，以及最快走路速度時的步態變異。方法：以女性健康老人與年輕人各53名為參與者，老人年齡介於65~75歲，年輕人年齡介於18~28歲，先站於測力板上開眼單足立15秒，利用公式轉換成擺動軌跡長度與擺動面積，作為靜態平衡的指標。後續配戴三軸加速規（X、Y與Z軸分別代表左右、上下與前後的加速度）監測10公尺最快走路速度的加速度，將所得資料轉換成步態變異。資料處理以獨立樣本t考驗，比較老人與年輕人靜態平衡及三軸步態變異的差異；並以皮爾遜積差相關法考驗靜態平衡與三軸步態變異的相關，所有統計水準定為 = .05。結果：（一）老人的擺動軌跡長度及擺動面積皆大於年輕人，並達顯著差異（9.58 ± 5.67 vs. 6.31 ± 2.57 cm；9.82 ± 7.28 vs. 3.69 ± 2.94 cm2，p<.05）。（二）老人三軸步態變異皆顯著大於年輕人（X軸：0.130 ± 0.036 vs. 0.086 ± 0.036；Y軸：0.108 ± 0.030 vs. 0.073 ± 0.023；Z軸：0.115 ± 0.041 vs. 0.070 ± 0.018，p<.05）。（三）靜態平衡與三軸步態變異的相關，均未達顯著（p<.05）。結論：證實老人站立時的平衡能力較年輕人差，最快走路時，不論在左右、上下及前後的步態變異都較年輕人大，推論可能是平衡能力退化所致。

Purpose: Compare the static balance between elderly and young adults, as well as gait variability in fastest speed walking. Methods: Recruited female participants aged between 65~75 years old and between 18~28 years old, and number of participants for each groups was fifty-three. Each participant was asked to complete one-leg standing with eyes open first on the force platform for fifteen seconds. Collected data were converted using the formula into the circumference and area of oscillation as indicators of static balance. Triaxial accelerometer was worn during fastest walking for 10m to record acceleration, and the data were then converted into gait variability. Independent t-test was adopted to compare the difference of static balance and gait variability in fastest speed walking between elderly and young adults. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to exam the relationship between static balance and gait variability in 3 axes respectively. Significant level was set at  = .05. Results: Both the circumference and area of oscillation in elderly were significantly greater than the younger group (9.58 ± 5.67 vs. 6.31 ± 2.57 cm; 9.82 ± 7.28 vs. 3.69 ± 2.94 cm2, p<.05). Similarly, the gait variability in 3 axes of elderly were all significantly greater than the younger group (X axis: 0.130 ± 0.036 vs. 0.086 ± 0.036; Y axis: 0.108 ± 0.030 vs. 0.073 ± 0.023; Z axis: 0.115 ± 0.041 vs. 0.070 ± 0.018, p<.05). The relationship between static balance and gait variability were not significance (p>.05). Conclusion: Study indicated that when in standing position, the ability of the elderly to maintain balance was worse than younger group. In addition, the walking gait variability of elderly was greater than young adults in every planes might be due to aging.

第壹章　緒論 1
第一節　問題背景 1
第二節　研究目的 3
第三節　名詞操作性定義 3
第四節　研究範圍與限制 4
第貳章　文獻探討 5
第一節　老化與身體活動 5
第二節　行動能力的影響因子 7
第三節　平衡能力的影響因子 8
第四節　步態 10
第參章　研究方法 12
第一節　預備性實驗 12
第二節　參與者 12
第三節　實驗時間與地點 13
第四節　研究架構 14
第五節　測驗方法 14
第六節　實驗流程 20
第七節　資料處理與分析 20
第肆章　結果與討論 21
第一節　參與者基本資料 21
第二節　靜態平衡的擺動軌跡長度與擺動面積 23
第三節　三軸加速度的步態變異 25
第四節　靜態平衡與步態變異的相關 27
第伍章　結論與建議 29
引用文獻 30

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