由於視頻群播的需求越來越大，device-to-device (D2D)通訊成為次世代網路中重要的解決方法之一，這篇論文中我們解決在群播的D2D網路中，如何分配有限資源達到最大化整體吞吐量，我們考慮在不同的資源方塊彼此都擁有不同的頻道品質。在我們的方法中，我們先將使用者區分成直接連到基地台和D2D兩種使用者，並且將D2D使用者連到適合的使用者和分配適當的資源方塊和調變與編碼，來達到整體吞吐量最大化。我們比較兩種不同的使用者分布情況，而在模擬結果裡顯示出我們的方法在不同的使用者分布情況下，整體吞吐量和傳遞時間皆比其他方法的表現來的更好。

Due to the growing demand for video multicast in a proximity based service, device-to-device (D2D) communications have emerged as the promising solution for the next-generation cellular networks. In this paper, we tackled the issue of resource allocation with the objective of maximizing the throughput in multicast based D2D networks. We assumed each user experience a unique channel quality on each of the resource blocks. In our approach, we initially classified users into cellular users and D2D users by a threshold. Then we assigned the D2D users to the appropriate cellular users by iteratively investigating the number of RBs and modulation scheme associated with the cellular users for maximizing overall throughput. We compared our simulation results in two different scenarios which are based on the location of the users from the EnodeB. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has the better throughput and delivery time than the other multicast data delivery algorithms.

Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………1
Chapter 2 Related Work…………………………………………………..………3
Chapter 3 System Model……………………………………………………..……7
3.1 Problem Formulation…………………………..…….8
3.2 Algorithm……………………………………………………………..10
Chapter 4 Results and Simulation.……………………………..18
4.1 Simulation Setting…………………………………...18
4.2 Simulation Result……………………………………………19
Chapter 5 Conclusions………………………………..………………….………24
Reference……………………………………………………………………….......……..25

[1] X. Chen, B. Proulx, X.–W. Gong, and J.–S. Zhang, “Exploiting social ties for cooperative D2D communications: A mobile social networking case,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 1471-1484, October 2015.
[2] L. Militano, M. Condoluci, G. Araniti, A. Molinaro, A. Iera, and G.-M. Muntean," Single frequency-based device-to-device-enhanced video delivery for evolved multimedia broadcast and multicast services," IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 263-278, June 2015
[3] G. Fodor, E, Dahlman, G, Mildh, S, Parkvall, N. Reider, G. Miklós, and Z. Turányi, “Design aspects of network assisted device-to-device communications,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 170–177, March 2012.
[4] S. Andreev, A. Pyattaev, K. Johnsson, O. Galinina, and Y. Koucheryavy, “Cellular traffic offloading onto network-assisted device-to-device connections,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 20–31, April 2014.
[5] A. Pyattaev, O. Galinina, S. Andreev, M. Katz, and Y. Koucheryavy, “Understanding practical limitations of network coding for assisted proximate communication,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 156–170, December 2014.
[6] J. Seo, T. Kwon, and V. C. M. Leung, “Social groupcasting algorithm for wireless cellular multicast services,” IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 47–50, January 2013.
[7] L. Militano, M. Condoluci, G. Araniti, A. Molinaro, and A. Iera, “When D2D communication improves group oriented services in beyond 4G networks,” Wireless Networks. Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 1363–1377, March 2015.
[8] R. O. Afolabi, A. Dadlani, and K. Kim, “Multicast scheduling and resource allocation algorithms for OFDMA-based systems: A survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 240–254, April 2013.
[9] T. P. Low, M. O. Pun, Y. W. P. Hong, and C. C. J. Kuo, “Optimized opportunistic multicast scheduling (OMS) over wireless cellular networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 791–801, February 2010.
[10] L. Zhang, Z. He, K. Niu, B. Zhang, and P. Skov, “Optimization of coverage and throughput in single-cell E-MBMS,” Proceedings of Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2009-Fall), pp. 1–5, Anchorage, AK, USA, September 2009.
[11] A. Alexiou, C. Bouras, V. Kokkinos, A. Papazois, and G. Tsichritzis, “Spectral efficiency performance of MBSFN-enabled LTE networks,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, pp. 361–367, October 2010.
[12] L. Militano, M. Condoluci, G. Araniti, and A. Iera, “Multicast service delivery solutions in LTE-Advanced systems,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 5954–5958, Budapest, Hungary, June 2013.
[13] L. Militano, D. Niyato, M. Condoluci, G. Araniti, A. Iera, and G. Molica Bisci, “Radio resource management for group-oriented services in LTE-A,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 64, No. 8, pp. 3725-3739, August 2015.
[14] G. Araniti, M. Condoluci, L. Militano, and A. Iera, “Adaptive resource allocation to multicast services in LTE systems,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 658–664, December 2013.
[15] G. Araniti, M. Condoluci, A. Iera, A. Molinaro, J. Cosmas, and M. Behjati, “A low-complexity resource allocation algorithm for multicast service delivery in OFDMA networks,” IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 358–369, June 2014.
[16] M. Condoluci, L. Militano, G. Araniti, A. Molinaro and A. Iera, "Multicasting in LTE-A networks enhanced by device-to-device communications," Proceedings of IEEE Globecom Workshops, Atlanta, GA, pp. 567-572, December 2013.
[17] F. Ren, Y. Xu, H. Yang, J. Zhang, and C. Lin, "Frequency domain packet scheduling with stability analysis for 3GPP LTE uplink," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 12, No. 12, pp. 2412-2426, December 2013.
[18] S. C. Spinella, G. Araniti, A. Iera, and A. Molinaro, “Integration of ad-hoc networks with infrastructured systems for multicast services provisioning,” Proceedings of International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops, St. Petersburg, FL, USA, pp. 1–6, 2009.
[19] Q. Zhang, F. H. P. Fitzek, and V. B. Iversen, “Design and performance evaluation of cooperative retransmission scheme for reliable multicast services in cellular controlled P2P networks,” Proceeding of IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 1–5, Athens, Greece, September 2007.
[20] L. Militano, M. Condoluci, G. Araniti, A. Molinaro, A., and F. H.P. Fitzek, “Wi-Fi cooperation or D2D-based multicast content distribution in LTE-A: A comparative analysis,” Proceeding of 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 296–301, June 2014.
[21] T. Koskela, S. Hakola, T. Chen, and J. Lehtomäki, “Clustering concept using device-to-device communication in cellular system,” Proceeding of IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 1–6, April 2010.
[22] B. Zhou, H. Hu, S.-Q. Huang, and H.-H. Chen, “Intra-cluster device-to device relay algorithm with optimal resource utilization,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 2315–2326, June 2013.
[23] J. Seppala, T. Koskela, T. Chen, and S. Hakola, “Network controlled device-to-device (D2D) and cluster multicast concept for LTE and LTEA networks,” Proceeding of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Cancun, Mexico, pp. 986–991, March 2011.
[24] H. Schwarz, D. Marpe, and T. Wiegand, “Overview of the scalable video coding Extension of the H.264/AVC standard,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 17, No. 9, pp.1103-1120, September 2007.
[25] H. Radha, M. Schaar, and Y. Chen, “The MPEG-4 fine-grained scalable video coding method for multimedia streaming over IP,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 53-68, March 2001.
[26] C. Mehlführer, M. Wrulich, J. C. Ikuno, D. Bosanska, and M. Rupp, “Simulating the long term evolution physical layer,” Proceeding of 17th European Signal Processing Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, pp. 1471–1478, 2009.
[27] H. Holma and A. Toskala, “LTE for UMTS: OFDMA and SC-FDMA based radio access,” John Wiley, U.K., 2009.