本論文探討以改良式雙馬赫詹德干涉式感測儀硬體架構-研製一套周界入侵感測系統模擬。
首先闡述光纖中相位調變的方法與運作原理，接著介紹基本的馬赫詹德干涉儀且延伸到改良式雙馬赫詹德干涉式周界入侵感測系統的運作原理，包括其系統架構、元件以及考慮各項可能的雜訊源，並以矩陣形式詳細推導及建立整體系統模擬模型。為了讓模擬模型更符合真實，接著詳細推導圍欄的物理原理以及圍欄震盪機械性質，將此模擬模型應用在模擬圍欄上。
最後，本論文呈現系統之實驗結果，並與模擬結果比較。從此論文可以得知非理想的元件對於改良式雙馬赫詹德干涉式周界入侵感測系統僅存在能量的差異，干涉可見度的雜訊對於整體訊號的準確度並沒有太大差異，相位誘發效應對於系統會有影響，而施力愈大對於整體入侵定位偵測準確度愈大。

This thesis discusses the modeling and simulation of a modified dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor based perimeter intrusion detection system.
First, the operating principle of the phase modulation of the optical fiber is described and the basic Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the operating principle of modified dual Mach-Zehnder interferometric perimeter intrusion detection system (MDMZIPIDS) are described. A thorough simulation model of the system, considering its optic components and all possible noise sources are established in expanded matrix form. In order to conform to the realistic simulation model, a detailed derivation of the fence vibration pertinent to its physics and mechanical properties is discussed.
Finally, this thesis presents the simulation results of the system, and compare them with the experimental results. From this, non-ideal components cause only the magnitude difference of the outputs received by photodetectors in MDMZIPIDS. With visibility noise and the polarization-induced noise, the system will be affected somehow, and with larger force, the accuracy of the estimated intrusion position will be higher.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III
LIST OF CONTENTS IV
LIST OF FIGURES VII
LIST OF TABLES IX
LIST OF SYMBOLS X
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Preface 1
1.2 Perimeter Intrusion Detection System 1
A. Categories of Perimeter Intrusion Detection System 1
1.3 Perimeter Intrusion Detection Systems Based on Fiber Optic Sensors 3
1.4 Contributions of This Thesis 4
1.5 Outlines of Contents 5
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF DUAL MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETRIC PERIMETER INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Fiber Optic Components 7
A. Fiber Optic Light Sources 7
B. Fiber Optic Photodetectors 7
C. Fiber Optic Couplers 8
D. Fiber Optic Polarization-Maintaining Fibers 9
E. Fiber Optic Polarization-Maintaining Couplers 9
F. Fiber Optic Polarization Beam Splitter 9
G. Data Acquisition System 9
2.3 Phase Modulation Mechanisms in Optical Fibers 10
A. Optical Phase Delay of Light 10
B. Strain Sensitivity 11
C. Pressure Sensitivity 11
D. Temperature Sensitivity 12
2.4 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer 13
A. Input Light Source 14
B. 2 x 2 Coupler 14
C. Delay Line 16
2.5 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with expended phasor form 18
2.6 Modified Dual Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Perimeter Intrusion Detection System 22
A. Signal Analysis for MDMZIPIDS in counter-clockwise direction 24
B. Signal Analysis for MDMZIPIDS in clockwise direction 28
C. Signal Analysis for MDMZIPIDS 31
2.7 Fence Modeling 35
2.8 Time Delay Estimation 39
CHAPTER 3 NOISE SOURCES AND POLARIZATION-INDUCED EFFECTS IN MODIFIED DUAL MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETRIC PERIMETER INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Noise Sources 42
A. Additive Circuit Noise 42
(1). Electric Thermal Noise 42
(2). Electric Shot Noise 42
(3). Laser Noise 42
(4). Transimpedance Circuit Noise 43
B. Rayleigh Backscattering 44
C. Optical Phase Noise 45
D. Environmental Perturbations Induced Phase Noise 47
3.3 Polarization-Induced Effects 47
CHAPTER 4 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MODIFIED DUAL MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETRIC PERIMETER INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM 49
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 MDMZIPIDS Modeling 49
4.3 Simulation Results 51
A. Simulation of Fence Vibration 51
B. Simulation of MDMZIPIDS Signals without Intrusion Events 53
C. Simulation of MDMZIPIDS Signals with Intrusion Events 62
D. Simulation of MDMZIPIDS Signals with long range intrusion 75
4.4 Summary 80
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 81
REFERENCES 82
APPENDIX A NOISE SOURCES INTRODUCTION 86
A. Additive Circuit Noise 86
(1). Electric Thermal Noise 86
(2). Electric Shot Noise 87
(3). Laser Noise 88
B. Transimpedance Circuit Noise 88
C. Optical Phase Noise 90
D. Optical Phase Noise 93

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