本研究設計與製作一部額定容量為100 kVA且具備多功能的換流器，其中以三相四線半橋式的電路架構作為高功率的傳輸媒介，並將微控制器Renesas RX62T作為控制核心。本換流器主要有兩種操作模式，分別是交流穩壓模式與併網模式。在交流穩壓模式下，換流器採用電壓型分切合整數位控制法，其中包含負載阻抗估測法，使換流器能夠輸出穩定的三相弦波電壓供三相負載使用；在併網模式下，換流器則採用電流型分切合整數位控制法，此時換流器便能依照實虛功平面輸出或輸入不同大小的實虛功，進而補償電網電壓與電網頻率。
在換流器控制方面，本研究使用的分切合整數位控制免除傳統abc-dq座標軸轉換，大大地簡化推導受控體與控制法則的過程，並藉由設計控制器抵消直流鏈電壓、開關切換頻率以及電感值變動對受控體的影響。分切合整數位控制將實際上會隨電流大小改變的電感值納入考量，並允許寬廣的變化，可避免因電感值衰減造成輸出波形失真，也可選用較小的電感鐵芯以降低體積與成本。此外，結合分切合整數位控制的正弦脈寬調變(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, SPWM)將三相換流器等效成三個單相換流器分別進行控制，也降低控制上的複雜度。最後，將分切合整數位控制法實際應用於換流器的控制，再以模擬與實測結果驗證此換流器系統的可行性。

This thesis presents design and implementation of a 100 kVA division-summation (D-Σ) digital controlled multi-function inverter. A three-phase four-wire half-bridge circuit structure is adopted for high power transferring and the microcontroller Renesas RX62T is the control center of the system. The inverter can be operated in grid-connected mode and ac-voltage regulation mode. In the ac-voltage regulation mode, the voltage tracking with D-Σ digital control, including load impedance estimation, is used for the inverter to output stable three-phase sinusoidal voltage. In the grid-connected mode, the current tracking also with D-Σ digital control is utilized. Therefore, the inverter is able to adjust the output of active power and reactive power to stabilize grid voltage and grid frequency.
Regarding the control of the inverter, D-Σ digital control avoids conventional abc to qd frame transformation. Consequently, derivation of the plant and control law can be significantly simplified. The controller with D-Σ digital control is designed to eliminate the effects caused by the variation of dc bus voltage, switching frequency, and inductance. D-Σ digital control takes into account the inductance variation. It has the benefits such as allowance of wide inductance variation and reduction of core size and cost. Moreover, an SPWM combined with D-Σ digital control separates a three-phase inverter into three single inverters and reduces complexity of control. Finally, simulated results and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the inverter system.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
總目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-2-1 換流器架構 2
1-2-2 換流器控制方法 5
1-3 論文大綱 8
第二章 系統架構與分切合整數位控制法 9
2-1 系統架構 9
2-2 分切合整數位控制法 10
2-2-1 受控體 11
2-2-2 控制法則 16
2-2-3 電壓型控制 17
2-2-4 電流型控制 22
第三章 系統周邊電路 25
3-1 輔助電源 25
3-2 開關驅動電源 26
3-3 電壓箝位電路 27
3-4 精密全波整流電路 27
3-5 交流電壓回授電路 28
3-6 電感電流回授電路 30
3-7 直流鏈電壓回授電路 31
3-8 直流鏈預充電路 32
3-9 上下臂開關隔離驅動電路 33
3-10 上下電容電壓平衡電路 34
3-11 電網電壓偵測電路 35
3-12 電網隔離電路 36
第四章 韌體規劃 37
4-1 RX62T群組微控制器簡介 37
4-2 主程式流程規劃 40
4-3 A/D中斷副程式流程規劃 41
第五章 實驗結果 44
5-1 換流器規格與元件選用 44
5-2 實務考量 47
5-2-1 電感值變化 47
5-2-2 A/D取樣與PWM輸出設定 49
5-2-3 開關死區補償 50
5-2-4 單獨供應開關驅動電源 52
5-2-5 回授電路濾波電容設計 52
5-3 換流器模擬系統建模 53
5-4 電壓型控制系統模擬與實測波形 54
5-4-1 電阻性負載 55
5-4-2 電感性負載 56
5-4-3 電容性負載 58
5-4-4 不平衡負載 59
5-5 電流型控制系統模擬與實測波形 61
5-5-1 純實功輸出 61
5-5-2 整流充電 64
5-5-3 純虛功補償 66
5-5-4 第一象限 68
5-5-5 第二象限 70
5-5-6 第三象限 72
5-5-7 第四象限 74
5-5-8 負載變動測試 76
5-6 總諧波失真率 77
5-7 損耗分析 78
5-7-1 濾波電感損耗 78
5-7-2 開關元件損耗 81
5-7-3 控制級元件與風扇損耗 84
5-7-4 總損耗與效率 84
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 87
6-1 結論 87
6-2 未來研究方向 88
參考文獻 90

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