1945年美國貝爾實驗室設計、通用電氣公司製造出以鎂為陽極，氯化銀為陰極之海水電池作為魚雷電源及照明設備。但由於氯化銀成本昂貴，隨後有許多不含銀的材料被研究做為替代的海水電池陰極。
我們提出一個製程簡單、高電流密度的海水電池陰極。將奈米碳管與導電高分子混合後，經由超音波震盪達到良好的分散性，再將導電高分子/單壁碳管溶液經由塗佈棒塗佈在鎳網作為陰極。接著將陽極鎂合金與陰極複合電極組裝成海水電池，以恆電位/恆電流儀測量，可以得到1.4 V。實驗證實，奈米碳管的高導電性可以提高陰極的電性，有效地降低陰極之內電阻及電荷轉移的阻抗，進而增大海水電池輸出電流，製造出一個製成簡單且有高放電率的陰極。

In 1945, Bell lab and GM had together developed a seawater battery using Mg and AgCl as anode and cathode for powering torpedo and lighting devices. The AgCl, however, is expensive and non-ecofriendly. Therefore, various materials have been later studied and tested as cathode, including carbon-made cathodes.
We have proposed a low- cost process to manufacture seawater bat-teries which display a high density of discharging. A mixed solution of single-walled carbon nantubes (SWCNTs) and conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) is coated onto nickel mesh as cathode by a coating roll. We then assemble a seawater battery cell with magnesium/aluminum alloy as anode and PEDOT:PSS/SWCNTs/nickel mesh composite as cathode. A single seawater battery cell is measured by potentiostat and exhibits 1.4 voltage. Experiments confirm that SWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS coating im-proves corrosion rate of Nickel mesh in seawater and internal resistance and facilitates charge transfer at electrode/electrolyte interfaces, allowing seawater batteries to yield higher current. We have here developed a new type of cathode for
seawater battery that is a low-cost process with high powering efficiency.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 文獻回顧 1
1.1前言 ……1
1.2 海水電池 ……2
1.2.1海水電池的發展 2
1.2.2海水電池的組成 5
1.2.3海水電池化學反應式 8
1.3奈米碳管 ….9
1.3.1奈米碳管的結構 10
1.3.2奈米碳管的電性 12
1.3.3奈米碳管的機械性質 13
1.4 PEDOT:PSS導電高分子 …14
1.4.1導電高分子 14
1.4.2 PEDOT:PSS 15
第二章 研究動機 18
第三章 實驗技術與原理 19
3.1實驗流程 ….19
3.2藥品與儀器 ….19
3.2.1藥品 19
3.2.2儀器 20
3.3實驗步驟 ….21
3.3.1混合奈米碳管及導電高分子 21
3.3.2鎳網複合電極製備 21
3.4實驗分析 ….22
3.4.1 粒徑分析與多分散性指標 22
3.4.2 掃描式電子顯微鏡分析(SEM) 25
3.4.3 X-ray 繞射分析 25
3.4.4 腐蝕性質量測 26
3.4.5 定電流放電 28
3.4.6 線性伏安量測 28
3.4.7 電化學阻抗分析 29
3.4.8 LED放電測試 32
第四章 結果與討論 34
4.1奈米碳管/導電高分子混合液性質量測 .…34
4.1.2 多分散性指標 38
4.2複合電極分析 .…39
4.2.1 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM) 39
4.2.2 腐蝕性質量測 45
4.2.3 X-ray 繞射分析 47
4.3海水電池分析 ….49
4.3.1 海水電池組成介紹 49
4.3.2 線性掃描伏安法 50
4.3.3 定電流放電測試 51
4.3.4 電化學阻抗分析 53
4.3.5 海水濃度影響電池性能分析 56
4.3.6 海水溫度影響電池性能分析 59
4.3.7 陰陽極間距影響電池性能測試 60
4.3.8循環海水影響電池性能分析 63
4.3.9 LED燈放電測試 66
第五章 結論……………….. 67
參考文獻 68

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