本研究使用蘑菇形狀金電極及奈米碳管蘑菇形狀金電極來量測斑馬成魚與幼魚的心電訊號，測試其在電生理訊號量測之應用，作為未來研究三維微電極在活體生物病理學研究相關應用的參考。
本研究主要採用奈米碳管低溫製程 (400 °C)，將奈米碳管直接成長於蘑菇形狀金電極上。由於奈米碳管有大表面積、高電容與優良的生物相容性，三維的奈米碳管電極可以改善與待測細胞間的耦合能力和提高訊噪比，因此，奈米碳管蘑菇形狀金電極比蘑菇形狀金電極更具有量測電生理訊號的潛力。此外，本研究利用低溫製程製作的奈米碳管電極，也可用在軟性基板上。
本研究除使用奈米碳管蘑菇形狀金電極、蘑菇形狀金電極量測斑馬成魚離體心臟的心電訊號，並分析不同電極與裝置組合間所量得結果的差異，同時進行藥物的測試，並以等效電路模型進行分析。此外也量測斑馬幼魚心臟的心電訊號，用來展現三維微電極在各年齡斑馬魚之病理學心電量測應用的可能性。

This study is to investigate the detection of rhythmic electrical signals of adult Zebrafish and its larvae using both three dimensional (3D) gold microelectrode and 3D functionalized biocompatible direct-growth carbon nanotube (CNT) microelectrodes. This study also demonstrates the applicability of 3D microelectrode as a tool to study living organisms pathology in the future.
The CNTs were directly grown on 3D gold microelectrodes at 400 °C. With high surface area, capacitance and biocompatibility, 3D funtionalized CNTs improve coupling coefficient and signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the 3D CNTs microelectrodes reveal better potential for biosignal recording than 3D gold microelectrodes. In addition, low temperature fabrication process provides the feasibility of implementation with flexible polymer substrates.
The detected adult Zebrafish and its larvae signals were analyzed to compare the results by using different electrodes and system set-ups. The equivalent circuits were also compared for the explanation of measurement results. Furthermore, a preliminary drug test was conducted. Results show the potential application of 3D microelectrodes for all-age Zebrafish pathological Electrocardiogram (ECG) study.

摘要..............................................................................................................I
Abstract......................................................................................................II
誌謝............................................................................................................III
目錄............................................................................................................VI
圖目錄.....................................................................................................VIII
表目錄.......................................................................................................XII
第一章 緒論................................................................................................1
第二章 文獻回顧........................................................................................2
2.1 微電極 (microelectrode) 在生物電生理量測之應用.......................2
2.1.1 奈米/微米結構電極在電生理訊號之量測優勢...............................2
2.1.2 奈米碳管電極發展以及在電生理訊號量測應用............................4
2.2 電極界面電化學與等效電路分析於生物界面之應用....................5
2.2.1 常見電化學分析方法在生物體之應用............................................5
2.2.2 生物應用中使用的電化學結果分析方法與技術簡介....................8
2.3 斑馬成/幼魚心電訊號之相關研究.................................................10
2.3.1 應用動物模型研究心電圖簡介......................................................10
2.3.2 現今應用於斑馬魚心電圖記錄之電極系統比較..........................11
第三章 實驗流程與方法........................................................................14
3.1 蘑菇形狀電極製備..........................................................................15
3.1.1 半導體製程技術製備定義圖形試片..............................................15
3.1.2 硫代硫酸-亞硫酸電鍍法製備蘑菇形狀金電極.............................17
3.1.3 奈米碳管蘑菇形狀金電極製備......................................................18
3.2 斑馬成魚量測電極系統架設與定位..............................................21
3.2.1 固定待測斑馬成魚心臟方法..........................................................21
3.2.2 電極量測系統架設與電極定位微調操控......................................22
3.3 斑馬幼魚量測電極系統架設與定位..............................................24
3.2.1 固定待測斑馬幼魚方法..................................................................24
3.2.2 電極量測系統架設與電極定位微調操控......................................25
3.4 儀器簡介..........................................................................................27
3.4.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Scanning Electron Microscope).....................27
3.4.2 電化學量測儀器..............................................................................29
3.4.3 化學氣相沈積高溫爐......................................................................30
3.4.4 紫外光加臭氧分解機......................................................................31
3.4.5 電生理量測儀器..............................................................................32
第四章 實驗結果與討論......................................................................33
4.1 蘑菇形狀電極製程之最佳化..........................................................33
4.1.1 蘑菇形狀金電極表面形貌與電鍍條件之分析..............................33
4.1.2 奈米碳管蘑菇形狀金電極表面形貌製程之最佳化......................35
4.2 蘑菇形狀電極之電化學特性分析..................................................41
4.2.1 親水處理前後蘑菇形狀電極之電化學特性分析..........................42
4.2.2 親水處理後蘑菇形狀電極之等效電路分析..................................44
4.3 斑馬魚量測心電訊號與其等效電路分析......................................48
4.3.1 心電訊號量測機制之等效電路分析..............................................48
4.3.2 斑馬成魚心臟訊號量測分析..........................................................50
4.3.3 斑馬幼魚心臟訊號量測分析..........................................................63

第五章 結論..............................................................................................65
第六章 未來展望......................................................................................66
第七章 參考文獻......................................................................................67
本研究產出之論文發表...........................................................................70

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