本研究分別以(i)非共價改質法和(ii)共價改質法，兩個方向對我們奈米碳管進行表面改質。
在非共價改質法中，我們使碳管表面改質上羧基，和基材上修飾氨基，設計簡易自組裝流程，欲使基材與碳管薄膜間產生共價鍵結，進而達到提升薄膜附著力與均勻性之目的，我們藉由SEM、AFM分析奈米碳管薄膜之形貌，並利用水槍噴灑的方式測試薄膜的附著性，其中方均跟粗糙度由原本未處理前的211nm降至21.3nm，造成薄膜樣品粗糙度與附著力的改善，我們推測是因為碳管與基材間產生共價鍵結，使樣品在成膜時，產生的形貌差異。本研究也討論改質碳管在有機太陽能電池元件上的應用潛力，利用Raman、 AFM與SEM等儀器量測結果，對改質奈米碳管做更深入的物化特性分析。
而在共價改質法中，我們使用4-叠氮苯氨在紫外光照射時產生的自由基，與我們碳管管壁反應，得到管壁官能基化具苯氨的奈米碳管，再藉由表面的官能基去與2-氨基苯磺酸、2-氨基-1,4-苯二磺酸以及(3-氨基苯基)磷酸做後續接枝聚合反應，期待導入共軛高分子優異的導電特性至碳管結構中，藉此改善碳管整體之電性。此外碳管管壁修飾上具親水的官能基團(如氨基、磷酸、磺酸等)，使得共價改質後的碳管，在酒精溶劑中靜置一個月，仍然表現相當優異的分散性質，這樣的結果也說明了，搭配適當的表面改質技術，能使奈米碳管有更多元的應用空間。本研究利用FTIR、XPS與Raman對改質後的碳管做結構上的分析，以及利用TGA以及四點探針，討論改質後碳管薄膜之熱性質與導電特性及其應用潛力分析。

Abstract
This study is working on the two-parts modification of carbon nanotubes(CNTs). (I) Non-covalent (II) Covalent modification
(I) Pyrene derivatives attach to the surface of CNTs via physisorption, which is the result of a π-π stacking interaction between the pyrene moiety and the CNTs sidewall. We present a simple self-assembly technique to fabricate robust CNTs thin films on glass surface. By employing a cross-linking reagent such as DIC, between the CNT-pyrene complex and the APTES-modified glass substrate with amino groups, it leads to the formation of a strong bonding between CNTs thin films and glass substrate. Characterization by AFM and SEM reveal the morphology of the thin films. The best RMS roughness of our sample is 21.3 nm, which has significant difference compared to the one without APTES-treatment (211nm). We also used water jet to test the interfacial adhesion of the sample and found that the films treated with APTES were robust. Our results on smooth and robust CNTs thin films that show promising potential in industrial applications.
(II) We obtained sidewall functionalized CNTs after radical reacted with 4-azidoaniline hydrochloride by UV source. Modified CNTs were prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization with three different monomers. It was found that the dispersion stability of modified CNTs were significantly improved compared to those of the raw SWCNTs. We used FTIR, XPS and Raman spectra to explain the bonding and quality of modified CNTs. Characterized by TGA and four-point probe to discuss the thermal and electrical properties of modified CNTs.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 奈米碳管之簡介與應用 1
1-3 研究動機 3
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2-1奈米碳管的結構 6
2-2奈米碳管的合成 9
2-3 奈米碳管的電學性質 12
2-4 單壁奈米碳管的拉曼光譜分析 13
2-5 奈米碳管複合材料 16
2-6 奈米碳管的表面改質 16
2-6-1化學共價改質法： 18
2-6-2化學非共價改質法： 19
第三章 儀器設備與操作原理 22
3-1 掃描式電子顯微鏡分析[40] 22
3-2共軛聚焦顯微拉曼光譜儀 23
3-3 四點探針量測儀 24
3-4 光譜儀器設備 25
3-4-1 紫外光-可見光-近紅外光光譜儀 26
3-4-2傅立葉轉換紅外光光譜儀[40] 28
3-5光電子發射能譜術 29
3-5-1超高真空系統 30
3-5-2 Ｘ光光電子發射能譜術 30
3-6原子力顯微鏡 32
3-7熱重分析儀 33
第四章 實驗方法與步驟 34
4-1 實驗方法 34
4-2 Part.I 非共價改質法實驗流程 35
4-2-1 芘衍生物改質奈米碳管之處理 35
4-2-2 玻璃基材親水處理 36
4-2-3 玻璃基材接枝APTES處理 36
4-2-4 碳管與基材接枝處理 37
4-2-5 Py-CNT/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM薄膜製作 38
4-3 Part.II 共價改質法實驗流程 38
4-3-1 奈米碳管管壁改質流程步驟(4-叠氮苯氨鹽酸鹽) 39
4-3-2 奈米碳管側鏈聚合接枝反應流程 40
第五章 結果與討論 42
5-1 Part I. Non-covalent modification 42
5-1-1接觸角測試 42
5-1-2 芘衍生物改質後碳管分散情形 42
5-1-3 奈米碳管薄膜表面形貌觀察(SEM、AFM) 43
5-1-4 拉曼結晶性測試 48
5-1-5 吸附力測試(Adhesion test) 53
5-1-6 奈米碳管薄膜電性測試 53
5-2 Part II. Covalent modification 54
5-2-1共價改質後碳管分散情形 54
5-2-2紅外光光譜儀分析 55
5-2-3 XPS能譜分析 57
5-2-4拉曼光譜儀分析 58
5-2-5熱重(TGA)性質分析 60
5-2-6奈米碳管薄膜導電度分析 61
第六章 結論 63
第七章 參考資料 65

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