果蠅的中央複合體被認為跟飛行調控、多重資訊處理、運動行為調控、交配行為、
是視覺模式記憶、嗅覺記憶、空間方位導向、及空間方向記憶有關。橢圓體屬於
中央複合體的一部份，且與方位調控有關，同時被認為是一學習與記憶之中心。
先前研究結果顯示橢圓體與多樣視覺行為有關，但就單一神經元層次，橢圓體的
探究仍不多。自從橢圓體被認為是果蠅腦中的一整合中心，因此橢圓體的架構、
型態及神經類別，必須更進一步在單一神經元層次被分析。結果顯示，其包含了
先前未被分類出的單一神經元類別，例如：小區域神經元中、神經進入其他中央
複合體或輔助區的分岔數幾乎不會大於三次，但我們在小區域神經元中發現一單
一神經元分岔四次，進入四個不同的子結構中。橢圓體單一神經元不只在中央複
合體中的子結構中連結，也連接到附屬區域，包含：側三角區（LTRs, lateral
triangles ）、下緣背側前端原腦（ IDFP, inferior dorsofrontal
protocerebra）；另外，橢圓體與原腦橋（PB, protocerebral bridge）和下緣
背側前端原腦之間形成迴路。在大區域神經元中，我們也定義了一些先前未被正
式辨認的單一神經類型。這些建立在單一神經元上的分析，可以提供更多橢圓體
與其他中央複合體子結構，或其與兩輔助區之間的更詳細路徑或形態分類。

The central complex in the Drosophila has been implicated in flight control (Ilius et
al., 1994), multimodal information processing (Muller et al., 1997), the coordination
of motor behavior (Strauss and Heisenberg, 1993; Martin et al., 1999; Strauss, 2002;
Poeck et al., 2008), courtship behavior (Popov et al., 2003, 2004), visual pattern
memory (Liu et al., 2006; Pan et al., 2009), olfactory memory (Wu et al., 2007),
spatial orientation (Heinze and Homberg, 2007), and spatial orientation memory
(Neuser et al., 2008). As part of central complex, the ellipsoid body also plays a
critical key role in locomotion control and is regarded as one of the learning and
memory centers. Although the neural architecture of the central complex has been
reported upon in various studies, little is known about the EB at the level of a single
neuron. Since the EB is one of the integrative centers in the Drosophila brain, the
architectures, morphology and neuron types in the EB must be analyzed at the single
neuron level. It includes neurons of types that have not been identified before. For
example, each small-field neuron has four branching regions, whereas the others have
no more than three branching regions. EB single neurons not only connect within the
substructures of the central complex but also project to the accessory region, which
includes lateral triangles (LTRs) and inferior dorsofrontal protocerebra (IDFP); they
also form a loop among the PB, IDFP, and EB. While in large-field neurons, we also
defined some types of neurons that have not been destinquished formally before. This
study provides a further investigation in relationships between substructures within
the central complex or the accessory regions, and more details about architectures and
neurons types in the EB at single neuron level.

Contents
．摘要-----------------------1
．Abstract-------------------2
1. Introductions-------------3
2. Materials and methods-----8
3. Results-------------------11
4. Discussions---------------17
5. References----------------21
6. Figures-------------------24

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