本文主旨在於探討產業群聚的外部性對於廠商生產力的影響。首先我們利用2003年至2012年間工廠校正暨營運調查資料，並以EG指數作為群聚衡量指標並觀察台灣電子零組件製造業的聚集情形。而產業的平均EG指數為0.019，表示電子零組件製造業屬於低度地理集中。另外，我們發現該產業的廠商主要分布在台灣北部。
接著，本文使用台灣上市櫃電子零組件製造業之廠商數據，以panel data的迴歸模型進行分析，檢驗產業群聚程度與廠商生產力的關係，實驗結果顯示，產業群聚對於廠商生產力有著正向且顯著的影響。下一步，我們將廠商依聚集程度的大小進行分類，而位於中度的裡集中的產業帶給廠商生產力的正面效果最佳。最後，本文亦發現EG指數與市場集中度間的交互作用項為負向顯著，表示對於群聚而言，市場集中度的提升將對廠商生產力帶來額外的負面效果。

The main purpose of this study aims to discuss the effect of agglomeration externalities on firm productivity in the Taiwan’s Electronics Parts and Components industry. We first construct the EG index by using data on total employment in each city and industry of Taiwan from the Factory Operation Census during the period of 2003 to 2012. The mean value of EG index is 0.019 which is defined to be the lowly
concentrated industry. In addition, we find that firms in the Electronic Parts and Components industry are more likely locate in the northern part of Taiwan.
By using data on public listed companies in Taiwan, we examine the effects of agglomeration externalities on firm productivity. We find that agglomeration externalities have positive effects on firm productivity. Moreover, the positive contributions of agglomeration externalities to firm productivity are larger for firms with EG indices in the middle ranges than for firms with high or low EG indices. Finally, we find that the positive effects of agglomeration externalities on firm productivity are smaller in markets with a high HHI index.

第一章 緒論........................................1
第一節 研究背景.............................2
第二節 研究目的.............................5
第三節 研究限制.............................6
第四節 研究架構.............................7
第二章 文獻探討....................................8
第一節 產業群聚相關理論論....................8
第二節 群聚與廠商生產力相關文獻..............10
第三章 研究方法....................................12
第一節 電子零組件製造業的分布情形.............12
第二節 產業地理集中度之衡量..................14
第三節 生產力衡量方式........................20
第四節 資料說明..............................26
第四章 研究結果.....................................28
第一節 產業群聚與總要素生產力力...............28
第二節 產業群聚與產業特性.....................41
第五章 結論.........................................49
參考文獻............................................52

表格目錄
表1.1 WEF對各國產業群聚發展競爭力評比.................4
表2.1 產業群聚相關文獻整理表.........................9
表3.1 電子零組件製造業的地理分布.....................13
表3.2 電子零組件製造業之子產業群聚程度衡量............18
表3.3 產業群聚趨勢與營收表...........................19
表3.4 變數定義與基本統計量...........................22
表3.5 要素投入變數..................................26
表4.1 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(電子零組件製造業(26))...29
表4.2 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(半導體製造業(261)) .....30
表4.3 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(被動電子元件製造業(262)).31
表4.4 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(印刷電路板製造業(263)) ..32
表4.5 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(光電材料及元件製造業(264)) ..33
表4.6 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(其他電子零組件製造業(269)) ..34
表4.7 廠商解釋變數平均值...................................35
表4.8 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(低度地理集中) ..........36
表4.9 群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(中度地理集中) ..........37
表4.10群聚對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(高度地理集中) ..........38
表4.11交互作用對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(EG&HHI) ............42
表4.12交互作用對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(EG&SIZE) ...........44
表4.13交互作用對廠商生產力影響之估計結果(EG&RD) .............46

參考文獻
中文文獻：
楊志海、陳忠榮(2002)，「研究發展、專利與生產力」，經濟論文叢刊，第三十輯第一期(30:1)，pp.27-48。
陳靜怡(2005)，「電子商務對廠商生產力之影響」，國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文。
李振文(2004)，「台南科學工業園區液晶顯示器產業群聚現象研究」，國立中山大學公共事務研究所碩士論文，高雄。
蘇偉哲(2011)，「群聚與生產力，台灣紡織產業的實證研究」，國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文。
詹立宇、張明宗、徐之強(2004)，「台灣製造業垂直分工與產業聚集之關係」 “Vertical Disintegration and Industry Agglomeration in Taiwan’s Manufacturing Sector”，經濟論文叢刊 Taiwan Economic Review，32：4，pp.483-511。
林佳琪(2009)，「鋼鐵廠商規模與生產效率之研究」，中小企業發展季刊，第十三期，pp.29-50，經濟部中小企業處。
詹立宇(2010)，「台灣電子產業生產技術效率之區域差 異與相關」 “Disparity and Correlation in Production Efficiency of Regions: The Evidence from Taiwan’s Electronics Industry”，東吳 經濟商學學報 Soochow Journal of Economics and Business，71，pp.1-26。
蘇偉哲、游雅婷、楊志海(2013)，「廠商聚集與生產力-臺灣紡織業的實證研究」，臺灣經濟預測與政策，第44卷1期，pp.133-160

英文文獻：
Anderson, G. (1994), “Industry Clustering for Economic Development,”Economic Development Review, Vol.12 Iss.2, pp.26-32.
Aw,B.Y., Sukkyun Chung, Mark J. Roberts (2002),“Productivity,Output,and Failure:A Comparison of Taiwanese and Korean Manufacturers,” NBER Working Paper 8766.
Braunerhjelm,P.and Borgman,B.(2006),“Agglomeration, Diversity and Regional Growth,”,CESIS Working Paper 71.
Cruz,Joseph D. and Rugman Alan M.(1992),Business Network for International Competitiveness, Business Quarterly,56,4,pp.101-107.
Ciccone, A.(2002),“Agglomeration Effects in Europe,” European Economic Review,46, pp.213-227.
Chen,Jong-Rong and Chih-Hai Yang (2005),Technical Knowledge, Spillover and Productivity: Evidence from Taiwanese Firm Level, Applied Economics,37,pp.2361-71.
Dekle, Robert and Jonathan Eaton.(1999), “Agglomeration and Land Rents:Evidence from the Prefectures,”Journal of Urban Economics,46,pp.200-214.
Ellison,G. and E.L.Glaeser.(1997), “Geographic Concentration in U.S.Manufacturing Industries: A Dartboard Approach,”Journal of Political Economy 105(5):pp.889-927.
Gopinath,Munisamy,Daniel Pick and Yonghai Li(2004),“An Empirical Analysis of Productivity Growth and Industrial Concentration in US Manufacturing,”Applied Economics,36,pp.1-7.
Holmes,T.J.(1999),“How Industries Migrate When Agglomeration Economies Are Important,”Journal of Urban Economics,45:240-263.
Henderson,V.,(2003),“Marshall’s Scale Economies,” Journal of Urban Economics,53,pp.1-28.
Iranzo,S.,Schivardi,F. and Tosetti, E.(2008),“Skill dispersion and firm productivity: An analysis with employer-employee matched data”, Journal of Labor Economics,26,247–285.
Johansson,Sara(2004),“Export-biased Productivity Growth in Swedish Manufacturing,” a preliminary draft for the ETSG Conferencein Nottingham.
Krugman,P.(1991),“Increasing Returns and Economic Geography,” Journal of Political Economy,99(3),pp.483–499.
Lee, B. S., S. Jang, and S. Y. Hong (2010), “Marshall’s Scale Economies and Jacobs Externalities in Korea: The Role of Age, Size and the Legal Organization of Firms,” Urban Studies,47(14),pp.3131–3156.
Marshall,A.(1890),Principles of Economics:An Introductory Volume, Free Press, New York.
Mare,D.C. and J.Timmins(2006),“Geographic Concentration and Firm Productivity,” Motu Working Paper,Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
Porter,M.E.(1990),The Competitive Advantage of Nations, London,Macmillan.
Urata,Shujiro and Kawai,Hiroki(2002),“Technological Progress by Small and Medium Enterprises in Japan,” Small Business Economics,18:pp.53-67
Roelandt,T. J. A. and den Hertog P.(1999),Cluster Analysis and Cluster-based Policymaking in OECD Countries: Introduction to the Theme. In Boosting Innovation: The Cluster Approach, Paris:OECD.
Swann, G.M.P.(1998),“Towards a Model of Clustering in High Technology Industries”, in Swann, G.M.P., Prevezer, M. and Stout, D. (eds) The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering: International Comparisons in Computing and Biotechnology, Oxford: Oxford University Press,pp.52-76.
Weber,M.(1929), A Theory of the Location of Industries, Chicago:Chicago University Press.