模擬器(simulator)或仿真器(emulator)能夠輔助無線感測節點的韌體開發, 是因為在除錯 時,比實體測試更容易被控制。 不過,目前支援的功能都太高階或太低階。 低階開發工 具,如除錯器(debugger)或電路內仿真器(in-circuit emulator) 雖然能精確地執行,可是無法在 太規模或實際穿戴環境操作。 指令集模擬器(instruction-set simulator)可能不涵蓋感測器或通 訊的行為, 而高階的網路模擬器(network simulators)可能無法精確地執行細節動作或排程。
針對這個問題,我們提出一套新的無線節點仿真器,模擬一個以藍芽低耗能(Bluetooth Low Energy)為通訊介面的動作感測節點,而仿真器本身在手機平台上執行。 它的核心使 用ISS精確地執行應用層於系統層的程式碼。在通訊與動作感測的仿真, 我們將韌體呼叫的 函式轉移到手機上實體的通訊與感測驅動程式。 如此,通訊與感測就能透過手機上的機制實 際呈現出來, 而週邊的輸出輸入則可透過觸碰式螢幕以互動方式呈現。 本系統的另一優點 是允許使用原廠指定的編譯器之外的開源工具。 實驗結果顯示, 我們的開發方法能夠在普 及的智慧手機上有效地仿真許多廣泛的嵌入式感測應用。

Firmware development for wireless sensor nodes can benefit from the use of simulators or em- ulators due to the better debugging control and in-situ testing. Unfortunately, today’s development support is either too low-level or too high-level. At the low level, debuggers and in-circuit emulators may be precise but are not scalable and not in-situ. Instruction-set simulators (ISS) may not properly handle sensor or protocol behavior, while network simulators may be too high level.
To address this problem, we propose a new smartmobile-based emulator for a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based wireless motion-sensor node. It uses an ISS for simulating the execution of ap- plication and runtime-system code. To emulate the BLE protocol stack and motion sensor, we propose a novel approach of linking the stack and peripherals with an emulation library that redirects their ac- cess to the native features on the host. These features can then be realized by actual BLE protocol or sensors on the smartmobile, while actuators can be rendered by animation on the smartmobile screen. Another benefit is that our technique enables the use of alternative compilers such as open-source ones. Experimental results show our methodlogy to be effective at emulating the execution of a wide range of applications on the user’s existing smartmobile.

1 Introduction 2
1.1 Motivation........................................ 2 1.2 Contributions ...................................... 3
2 Background and Related Work 5
2.1 Background....................................... 5 2.1.1 BluetoothLowEnergy ............................. 5 2.1.2 EcoBT-Super.................................. 5
2.2 RelatedWork ...................................... 6
2.2.1 MCUSimulatorsforGeneralPCs ....................... 7
2.2.2 MCUSimulatorsforSmartmobiles ...................... 8
2.2.3 Comparison................................... 9
3 System Overview 10
3.1 ComponentsofEcoSim................................. 10 3.1.1 EcoSimApp .................................. 10 3.1.2 SoftwareDevelopmentKit........................... 11 3.1.3 VirtualPeripheralApp ............................. 12
i
3.2 DevelopmentFlowontheEcoSim ........................... 14 3.2.1 CompilingandLinking............................. 14 3.2.2 ProgrammingEcoSim ............................. 14 3.2.3 CodeExecutionontheEcoSimapp ...................... 14 3.2.4 DebugginginEcoSim ............................. 15
4 System Implementation 17
4.1 VirtualEcoBT-SuperApp................................ 17 4.1.1 SoCModule .................................. 17 4.1.2 VirtualPeripherals ............................... 19 4.1.3 EcoSimBLELayers .............................. 21 4.1.4 UIforEcoSimApp............................... 25
4.2 VirtualPeripheralApp ................................. 25
5 Evaluation 28
5.1 ExperimentalSetupandApplications ......................... 28 5.1.1 ExperimentalSetup............................... 28 5.1.2 Applications .................................. 28
5.2 SimulatorPerformance ................................. 29 5.2.1 VirtualMCUFrequency ............................ 31 5.2.2 OSALEventTimerAccuracy ......................... 31 5.2.3 BLELatency .................................. 31 5.2.4 Convertibility.................................. 32 5.2.5 Feasibility.................................... 34
ii
6 Conclusions and Future work 35
6.1 Conclusions....................................... 35 6.2 Futurework....................................... 35

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