本論文是在8051微控制器上發展藍芽(Bluetooth)無線傳輸緊急呼救系統。此計畫是希望透過藍芽傳輸與即時定位系統達到對發出求救訊息的使用者，即時救援的目的。整個系統分為三個部份，具有藍芽通訊能力之手環，具有藍芽通訊能力之監視器以及擁有藍芽設備之行動電話。其中，本論文所開發的手環裝置是由內部的微處理機和藍芽晶片所組成，監視系統與行動電話是兩個個別的遠端裝置，分別針對不同的情境和手環進行藍芽封包的交換。首先，手環在偵測範圍內和監視器進行連線，當有求救狀況發生時，訊息會透過藍芽無線傳輸，傳送到監視器，監控中心再透過監視系統來了解用戶的資訊。當用戶不在監視系統的涵蓋範圍且在意外發生的狀況下，手環自動連線用戶的智慧型手機，透過行動通訊系統將求救訊息傳送至監控中心，同時也掌握求救用戶的位址。整個系統遇到的狀況是，用戶的手環與遠端的藍芽裝置進行連線後，手環上的藍芽裝置必須由Active的狀態轉為Park模式，並能在求救狀況發生時，自行啟動離開Park的機制，達成最高效率的連線。本論文使用微處理機(8051裝置)來控制藍芽晶片，把藍芽協定整合進主機程式中，不但能根據我們的需求，有效率得利用藍芽裝置所提供的能力，還能減少主機程式的記憶體容量，降低手環裝置的製造成本。

In the thesis, we use the 8051 microcontroller to develop a Bluetooth-based Emergency Calling device. An objective of the project is that a monitoring center can promptly know whether an accident happens to any users who wear the device through Bluetooth technology and a Mobile Communication System. The whole system can be divided into three parts. There are a bracelet equipped with an MCU and a Bluetooth chip, a monitor equipped with a Bluetooth chip, and a smart phone. First, a bracelet can connect with any indoor monitors through a Bluetooth device. If an accident happens to a user who wears the bracelet, the bracelet will send a message to a monitor. If a user whom an accident happens to isn’t in searchable scope of all monitors, a bracelet can connect with a smart phone through a Bluetooth device. The phone sends a message to a center through a mobile communication system for notifying the center of an accident event. After a bracelet connects with a remote device, a Bluetooth chip of a bracelet will enter Park mode. If an accident happens, it need be able to automatically end Park mode and send a message to a remote device. In the thesis, we use an MCU (8051 device) to control a Bluetooth chip, integrating Bluetooth protocols into a program of a host. It not only can effectively use the source provided by Bluetooth, but also can decrease the production cost of Bluetooth chips.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………..…..….....i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..ii
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………...iii
Contents……………………………………………..…………………...……………iv
List of figures……………………………………………………………...…………vii
List of tables…………………………………………………………………...…...….x
Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………….……………..1
1.1 Background………………………………………...…………………………..1
1.2 System Structure……………...…………………………………………..……2
1.3 Technology Option…………………………………………….……………….5
1.3.1 Microcontroller Unit Option…………………………………...……….5
1.3.2 Wireless Communication Technology Option………………………….5
1.3.3 Different Bluetooth Modules……………………………………………6
Chapter 2 Bluetooth Communication……..…………………….….9
2.1 Baseband Introduction…………………………………………………..…….12
2.1.1 BD_ADDR, AM_ADDR, PM_ADDR, and AR_ADDR…………...…12
2.1.2 Time Division Multiplexing, ACL and SCO………………………..…13
2.1.3 Packet Format………………………………………………….………15
2.2 Link Controller…………………………………………………………..……19
2.2.1 ID, POLL, and FHS Packet……………………………………………19
2.2.2 Inquiry and Page Procedure………………………...…...…………….20
2.3 Link Manager…………………………………………………………………23
2.3.1 Hold Mode…………………………………………………………..…23
2.3.2 Sniff Mode……………………………………………………………..24
2.3.3 Park Mode……………………………………………………………..25
Chapter 3 HCI and L2CAP………………………………….…….27
3.1 Host Controller Interface…………………………………………...…………27
3.1.1 Transport Layer………………………………………………………..27
3.1.2 HCI Packet……………...………………………………………….….28
3.1.3 Inquiry and Page of HCI Command……………………...….…….…..30
3.1.4 Inquiry Scan and Page Scan of HCI Command……………………….32
3.2 Logical Link Controller Adaptation Protocol…………………………………34
3.2.1 L2CAP Packet Format……………...……………………………...…..34
3.2.2 Logical Link Channel…………………...…………………………..…36
3.2.3 Segmentation and Reassembly………………………………..……….37
3.2.4 A Procedure of Creating a L2CAP Channel………………..…….……39
Chapter 4 RFCOMM and SDP………………………….………...43
4.1 RFCOMM Introduction…………………………………..……………...……43
4.1.1 RFCOMM Packet……………………………………….……………..44
4.1.2 A Process of Creating a RFCOMM Link...……………...…………….47
4.2 Service Discovery Protocol…………………………………………...………49
4.2.1 Service Discovery Process………………………….…………………49
4.2.2 SDP Packet Format………………………………………...…………..50
Chapter 5 Processor Implementation……………………..………53
5.1 C8051F342 Microcontroller…………………………………………….…….54
5.1.1 Interrupt Process…………………………………………………...…..55
5.1.2 Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART)…………….58
5.2 System Flow...…………………………………………………..……...……..60
5.3 Auxiliary Tool…………………………………………………………….…..63
Chapter 6 Conclusion………………………………………...…….65
REFERENCES………………..……………………………………….66

REFERENCES
[1] Bluetooth Core Specifications Core Version 4.2
https://www.bluetooth.org/DocMan/handlers/DownloadDoc.ashx?doc_id=286439
[2] C8051F340/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/A/B/C/D Full Speed USB Flash MCU Family
http://www.silabs.com/Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/C8051F34x.pdf
[3] Bluetooth UART Module Standard SPP
http://www.hotlife.com.tw/specification/HL-MD08R-C2A_UsersManual_CHT.pdf
[4] RFCOMM WITH TS 07.10 Serial Port Emulation http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/slipb/Bluetooth%20VCC%20Models/Documents/bluetooth_f1.pdf
[5] Jennifer Bray, Charles F. Sturman, “Bluetooth 1.1: Connect Without Cable”, 2003
[6] Roving Networks Bluetooth™ Product User Manual
https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Bluetooth/rn-bluetooth-um.pdf
[7] AT89 Series Hardware Description
http://www.datsi.fi.upm.es/docencia/Micro_C/atmel/doc0499.pdf
[8] 8-bit Flash Microcontroller AT89C51RD2 AT89C51ED2
http://www.atmel.com/images/doc4235.pdf
[9] Ching-Lung Yang, “A Collision-Free Scheduling Protocol for Scatternet over Bluetooth Radio System”
http://ir.lib.ncu.edu.tw/ir/handle/987654321/8611?locale=en-US