本研究研製一部適用於快速充/放電系統之三相四線半橋式轉換器，包含市電併聯、整流模式及穩壓功能，在市電併聯模式中，將直流電轉換成交流電饋入市電電網；在整流模式中，將市電轉換成直流電供給直流負載；在穩壓功能中，可以根據負載的需求，將直流鏈多餘的能量饋入市電或是提供給直流負載，反之，直流鏈欠缺的能量，則可以透過整流模式維持住直流鏈的電壓。控制級採用微處理器RX62T做為數位控制核心，實現所推導出的開關責任比率。
本論文會先說明元件的選擇，包括使用的功率模組、電感的設計。接著推導此架構在分切合整數位控制(D- 數位控制)下的控制法則、動作原理，並且模擬在此控制法下的市電併聯、整流模式；由於此架構使用的直流鏈為雙電容架構，所以也會確切地提出中性點電容平衡機制，並且驗證此機制的可行性，最後實作一台三相四線半橋式轉換器，以實測波形驗證模擬的結果、操作理論與可行性。
本研究的主要貢獻條例如下:第一點是使用了分切合整數位控制(D- 數位控制)，將交流電壓、電感感值納入考慮，因此可精準計算出當週期的工作責任比率，避免因為電感值的衰減，造成輸出電流的失真。第二點則是當此轉換器連接太陽能板時，不會有共模電壓的問題，因為此系統的第四線為接地迴路，準確地將下電容準位箝位在一半的直流鏈電壓。第三點為符合一機多功能的特性，不僅節省成本、體積，更能依照不同的需求執行不同的模式。

This thesis presents a high power bi-directional three-phase four-wire half bridge converter for charger/discharger systems, including grid-connection mode, rectification mode and dc-bus voltage regulation mode. In grid-connection mode, power is transferred from DC to AC and injected into the utility grid. In rectification mode, the utility power is transformed to DC with power factor correction. In dc-bus voltage regulation mode, the converter can inject power into the utility grid or supply DC loads when the bus voltage is higher than the setpoint. On the contrary, it will regulate the voltage by operating at rectification mode. A single-chip microcontroller Renesas RX62T is adopted to realize the control algorithm.
In the thesis, component selection, including IGBT modules and design of inductors is first presented. Next, control law and operation principle of the converter with division-summation (D- ) digital control are addressed. Additionally, the converter in grid-connection mode and rectification mode with the D- digital control is simulated. Due to the DC bus constructed with capacitors in series, capacitor voltage balancing algorithm is also proposed. Finally, the converter has been implemented and tested so as simulated and measured results can verify the control scheme and feasibility.
The major contributions of this research can be summarized as follows: First, the derived control law can accommodate grid voltage and inductance variations. The microcontroller RX62T is adopted to calculate the duty ratio exactly which can avoid output current distortion when inductance varies over a wide range. Secondly, the proposed operation does not yield high frequency common mode voltage so as it can be applied to PV inverter system. Thirdly, the converter has a property of multi-functions which can not only reduce production cost and volume, but can execute different operation modes according to load demands.

摘要 II
Abstract III
誌謝 V
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 文獻回顧 4
1-3 論文大綱 7
第二章 轉換器架構與動作原理 9
2-1 三相四線半橋式轉換器架構 9
2-2 轉換器設計 10
2-2-1 電感設計 10
2-2-2 元件選擇 14
2-3 動作原理與控制法則 15
2-3-1 分切合整數位控制 15
2-3-2 動作原理 17
2-3-3 控制器設計 22
第三章 直流鏈電壓控制 24
3-1 直流鏈電壓調節 24
3-1-1 一週期穩壓法 24
3-2 中性點電容電壓平衡 25
3-2-1 平衡補償值計算 26
第四章 轉換器週邊電路設計 28
4-1 輔助電源 28
4-2 UC3843控制晶片 29
4-3 返馳式轉換器 30
4-4 三臂開關驅動電源 31
4-5 交流側電壓回授電路 31
4-6 直流鏈電壓回授電路 33
4-7 電感電流回授電路 34
4-8 精密全波整流電路 35
4-9 電壓保護電路 36
4-10 類比保護電路 38
4-11 開關驅動電路 39
4-12 上下臂開關互鎖電路 40
4-13 直流鏈預充電路 42
第五章 系統韌體規劃 44
5-1 系統軟體架構 44
5-2 微處理器介紹 45
5-3 程式流程 49
5-3-1 微控制器規劃介紹 49
5-3-2 系統主程式 51
5-3-3 A/D中斷副程式 53
5-3-4 電容平衡副程式 55
5-3-5 穩壓副程式 56
5-3-6 保護副程式 57
第六章 模擬與量測驗證 59
6-1 電氣規格 59
6-2 系統模擬與分析 60
6-2-1 控制法則模擬 61
6-2-2 感值變化 61
6-2-3 電容不平衡 63
6-3 實測波形 66
6-3-1 市電併聯模式 66
6-3-2 整流模式 79
6-3-3 穩壓模式 87
6-4 損耗分析 90
6-4-1 電感損耗 90
6-4-2 導通損耗 91
6-4-2 切換損耗 92
6-5 燒機測試 94
第七章 結論與未來研究方向 101
7-1 結論 101
7-2 未來研究方向 102
參考文獻 103

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