本論文從句法、語意以及語用的面向來探討中文的加強詞「更」之關聯句式，並進而提出一個量化分析的研究方法。從句法方面來看，加強詞「更」之關聯句式不同於一般的「比」字比較句在於說這個結構必須選擇一個非程度的動態動詞性謂語。除此之外，這個結構嚴格要求兩個成分「非但/不但/不只」和「更」必須要一起出現在句子裡來呈現關聯句式的意涵。更重要的一點，兩個成分之間的順序是固定的。

從語意方面來說，加強詞「更」之關聯句式為非程度修飾的意涵，與一般「比」字比較句裡的「更」為修飾程度的意涵不同。此外，加強詞「更」之關聯句式裡有一個隱藏的必要性運符(implicit necessity operator)，其作用為非選擇性地約束(unselectively bind)被量化的變數(quantified variables)並帶出一個量化性的三分結構，「非但/不但/不只」子句的部分對應到核心範疇而「更」子句對應到限制範疇。

加強詞「更」之關聯句式在語用上帶有違反期望的意涵。也就是說，說話者在使用這個結構時會違反說話者所認知的期待。而說話者所認知的期待是由說話時的情境所決定的。本文認為這種違反期望的意涵可以從加強詞「更」之關聯句式的邏輯形式裡得出來。

This thesis is aimed to examine the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic behavior of intensifier geng correlative construction, and furthermore proposes a quantificational analysis approach. Syntactically, this construction differs from the canonical bi comparative construction in that it must connect with a non-gradable dynamic verbal predicate. In addition, this construction obligatorily requires two elements ‘feidan/budan/buzhi and geng’, which occur together to keep the correlative sense. Most importantly, the sequent of the two elements is ordered.

Semantically, this construction denotes the meaning of ‘not only…but also even’, which is distinct from the meaning of the canonical bi comparative construction. Besides, there is an implicit necessity operator that unselectively binds quantified variables in this construction. The quantificational force also introduces a quantificational tripartite structure. The feidan/budan/buzhi clause is mapped into the nuclear domain and the geng clause enters into the restrictive domain.

Pragmatically, this construction indicates an expectation-violation reading. That is, the dynamic verbal predicate that follows geng violates contextually-determined common knowledge. We can obtain expectation-contravention reading from the logical representation of the intensifier geng correlative construction.

Chinese Abstract i

English Abstract iii

Acknowledgements v

Table of Contents vii

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

Chapter 2. Setting the stage: the usage of canonical geng clause 5

2.1 Lü et. al (1980:231-232)：Basic Structure 5

2.2 Lu (1980a)：Five Types of Syntactic Structure 8

2.3 Ma (2004:92-98)：More Complex Structure 10

2.4 Liu (2011)：Correlative Compound Sentence 15

2.5 Xing (2004:216-217)： Incremental Construction 16

2.6 Summary and Further Issues 19

Chapter 3. The syntactic and semantic properties of the special type of geng construction 22

3.1 Non-degree uses: further properties of special type of geng construction 22

3.2 Pending questions 31

Chapter 4. Preliminary: Shyu(2004) 33

Chapter 5. Proposal 44

Chapter 6. Conclusion 61

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