面對市場上冒充高品質寶石的優化處理寶石與人工寶石，高階鑑定儀器的體積、重量以及高成本使得買家與收藏家在選購寶石時難以利用科學分析與鑑定；另外，傳統檢測儀器則仰賴經驗與操作技巧，未經標準訓練很容易造成誤判。因此，本論文的目標以翡翠分析為例，設計一個應用於翡翠分析之可攜式多光譜觀察鏡，結合本實驗室在介電式液態透鏡的研究與應用，設計一個具備三段放大(5 ~ 10 X)之寶石觀察鏡，透過明暗場照明設計拍攝放大觀察影像，以獲得內部顏色分布、氣泡、裂隙與外部裂隙等表面特徵；另一方面，整合紫外螢光光譜與可見光吸收光譜測量天然翡翠於波長437 nm之吸收特徵與灌膠翡翠於500 nm左右之螢光反應，以及使各顏色翡翠致色之500 ~ 700 nm波長之吸收特徵，以達到真假翡翠、酸洗灌膠翡翠與染色翡翠之分析，並且設計為成本低、體積小之可攜式系統，將來應用在翡翠與相關寶石分析。

Nowadays, synthetic and treated gemstones are often seen to imitate high quality gemstones in the trading market, causing scams and great loss to consumers. However, identification instruments are usually large, heavy and high cost, in the other hand, using detection tools require experience and operating skills to avoid false results. Therefore, the goal of this research is to design a portable multispectra tunable forensic lens for jadeite analysis. The gemstone tunable forensic lens with three-step (5 ~ 10 X) magnification is based on the research of dielectric liquid lens, which is able to capture internal and surface characteristics such as color distribution, bubble trapping, and cracks by bright field and dark field illumination. Besides, visible and ultraviolet light are used to detect the absorption spectra of natural jadeite (437 nm), implement jadeite (500 nm UV reaction), and jadeite color spectra around 550~700 nm (green jadeite at 630, 660 nm). With the analysis by the low cost, small volume and portable mulitispectra forensic lens, people will be able to receive information of jadeite or other gemstones for preliminary analysis.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1翡翠結構與光學特性 1
1.1.2翡翠的優化處理 4
1.1.3翡翠分析與鑑定 8
1.2文獻回顧 11
1.2.1翡翠光譜之分析 11
1.2.2寶石觀察鏡設計 16
1.3研究動機與目標 18
1.4論文架構 19
第二章 基礎理論 20
2.1介電式液態透鏡變焦技術 20
2.1.1放大原理 20
2.1.2驅動原理 22
2.1.3光學特性分析 23
2.2吸收光譜理論 24
2.2.1吸收光譜 24
2.2.2高光譜與多光譜成像 26
2.3影像感測原理 27
2.3.1影像感測器之光譜靈敏度 28
2.3.2影像自動白平衡 29
第三章 多光譜變焦觀察鏡設計 33
3.1系統設計 33
3.1.1系統流程 33
3.1.2設計流程 34
3.1.3量測標的物 36
3.2系統架構 38
3.3變焦觀察鏡設計 40
3.3.1觀察鏡組模擬 41
3.3.2明場與暗場照明設計 44
3.4多光譜特徵量測設計 47
3.4.1可見光譜特徵 48
3.4.2螢光反應擷取 50
3.4.3光譜轉換與分析 53
第四章 實驗結果與討論 58
4.1實驗架設 58
4.2吸收特徵量測 59
4.3螢光反應量測 72
4.4觀察鏡影像分析 77
第五章 結論 84
第六章 未來工作 88
參考文獻 90
附錄 93

[1] James E. Shigley, “Treated and Synthetic Gem Materials”, Current science, Vol. 79, No. 11, pp. 1566-1571 (2000).
[2] Tinghe Zhao, Xuewei Yan, Shuojing Cui, and Wei Niu, “The Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthetic and Natural Jadeite for Jewellery”, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 29, pp. 1514-1520 (1994).
[3] 歐陽秋眉著，翡翠鑑賞，淑馨出版社，民國82年。
[4] Chen Zhiqiang, Yuan Kuirong, “On Jadeite Structure”, Journal of Guilin institute of technology, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 353-350 (1995).
[5] Xie Xing, Wang Chong-li, and Liang Ting, “Jadeite Texture Features and Their influences on the Jadeite’s Quality”, Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 15-18 (2005).
[6] Qiumei OuYang, “Texture Types of Jadeite Jade and Its Genetic Implication”, Journal of Gems and Gemmology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 1-6 (2000).
[7] Yi-hong Xie, Cheng-yun Wang, “Trace Elements in Jadeites with Different Color and Their Infrared Spectra Characteristics”, Rock and mineral analysis, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 183-187 (2003).
[8] “Jade Quality Factors”, Gemological Institute of America.
[9] Emmanuel Fritsch, Shun-Tien Wu, Thomas Moses, Shane F.McClure, and Mike Moon, “Identification of Bleached and Polymer-Impregnated Jadeite”, Gems & Gemology, Vol. 28, Issue 3, pp.176-187 (1992).
[10] Yan Liu, Taijin Lu, Manjun Wang, Hua Chen, Meidong Shen, Jie Ke and Beili Zhang, “Identification of Dyed Jadeite Using Visible Reflection Spectra”, The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 31, No. 5-8, pp. 181-184 (2009).
[11] 戴鑄明著，翡翠鑒賞與選購，笛騰出版，民國96年。
[12] Bing-hui Chen, Qu-kan Luo, and Wang-jiao Hao, “Preliminary Study on Components of Crust of Jadeite Jade and Its Relationship with Interior Jade Quality”, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 16-19 (2009).
[13] Tao Chen, Zhengyu Zhou, and Tingting Ma, “Foundations of gemstones’ identification by naked-eyes”, Shanghai Geology, Vol. 4, pp. 62-66 (2003).
[14] http://www.giataiwan.com.tw/Instrument/
[15] Lore Kiefert, Henry A. Hänni, and Jean-Pierre Chalain, “Identification of gemstone treatments with Raman Spectroscopy”, Optical Devices and Diagnostics in Materials Science, Vol. 4098, pp. 241-251 (2000).
[16] Amanda L. Jenkins and Richard A. Larsen, “Gemstone Identification Using Raman Spectroscopy”, Spectroscopy, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 20-25 (2004).
[17] Xie Yihong, “Application of UV-Vis spectrophotometer in identifying gems”, Analytical instrumentation, Vol. 2, pp. 31-33 (2003).
[18] Emmanuel Fritsch and Carol M. Stockton, “Infrared spectroscopy in gem identification”, Gems and Gemology, pp. 18-26 (1987)
[19] Yan Liu, Jun Deng, and Li-hua Wang, “The Application of Several Types of Large-Scale Exactitude Equipments in the Identification of Jadeite”, Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 577-582 (2006).
[20] J.M. Hobbs, "The Jade Enigma", Gems & Gemology, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 3–19 (1982).
[21] G. Robert Crowningshield, “An Introduction to Spectroscopy in Gem Testing, Gems & Gemology, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 46-62 (1957).”
[22] Peter G. Read, Gemmology, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, (1999).
[23] Jian-liang Fan, Shou-guo Guo, Xue-liang Liu, and Yi-qun Wang, “Study on spectroscopy of natural and treated jadeite”, Laser and infrared, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 769-772 (2007).
[24] Bin Wu, An-sheng Feng, “Jadeites' Authentication Method and Practice”, Conservation and utilization of mineral resources, No. 6, pp. 19-22 (2007).
[25] Wenning Su, Fazheng Lu, Xuhua Gu, and Yunhai Wu, “Discrimination of a treated jadeite (Class B) – judged from the colloidal fillings”, Journal of Chengdu university of technology, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 349-353 (1998).
[26] Larry Tai-An Lai , “Polymer-Impregnated Aventurine Quartz, a New Imitation of “Ice Jade””, Gems & Gemology, Vol. 50, No. 1, (2014).
[27] Xin-qiang Yuan, Li-jian Qi, Guang-peng Du, and Xiao-yan Chen, “UV-VIS-NIR Spectrum of Jadeite Jade from Burma”, Journal of Gems and Gemmology, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 11-16 (2003).
[28] 吳亮錦著，傅立葉紅外光譜鑑定寶石之初步研究，成功大學地球科學研究所碩士論文，民國98年。
[29] Charles D. Austin, “Design for a reading glass”, U.S. Patent, No. D135421 S (1943).
[30] James D. DiResta, “Portable microscope”, U.S. Patent, No. 5844714 A (1998).
[31] Andrew Del Pesco, Sr., “Magnifying lens holder assembly”, U.S. Patent, No. 3955884 A (1976).
[32] William E. Kinsman, Robert E. O'Brien, David J. O'Brien, “Hands free magnification eyewear”, U.S. Patent, No. 7677751 B2 (2010).
[33] Susan Leo, “Combined holder and magnifier for gem examination” U.S. Patent, No. D271308 S (1983).
[34] Marvin A. Sego, “Illuminated jeweler's loupe”, U.S. Patent, No. 4763986 A (1988).
[35] Gerard E. Raney, “Portable unitary battery powered hand-held magnifying apparatus”, U.S. Patent, No. 4577927 A (1986).
[36] “GIA 4Cs”, Gemological Institute of America.
[37] Pedrotti, “Introduction to optics, Third edition”, Pearson (2007).
[38] 蔡智偉著，介電式液態透鏡與光圈之研究，清華大學奈米工程與微系統研究所博士論文，民國99年。
[39] 蘇青森著，儀器學，五南出版，民國91年。
[40] Fabrizio Vagni, “Survey of hyperspectral and multispectral imaging technologies”, Research and technology organization (2007).
[41] Edmund Y. Lam and George S.K. Fung, “Automatic white balancing in digital photography”, Single-Sensor Imaging: Methods and Applications for Digital Cameras, CRC Press, pp. 267–294 (2008).
[42] Edmund Y. Lam , “Combining Gray World and Retinex Theory for Automatic White Balance in Digital Photography”, Consumer Electronics, pp. 134-139 (2005).