本研究目的在於發展一套可用3D絕對定位方式伸入螢幕、以多自由度、直接與電腦產生的3D影像互動的手持式電腦輸入裝置。基本概念是結合一特殊觸控棒及一蓋在電腦顯示幕上的透明2D定位觸控板，以取得觸控棒相對觸控板5個自由度的定位資訊。觸控棒包含一伸縮機構及一接觸角感測裝置，當其接觸觸控板時，觸控板可以測定接觸點的2D座標，伸縮機構可量測觸控棒相對於接觸點的伸縮量，接觸角感測裝置則可量測相對於接觸點的傾斜角及方向角。將觸控棒推向電腦顯示幕時，伸縮機構縮短，由上述2D座標、伸縮量、傾斜角及方向角，可用外插法計算觸控棒棒端未壓縮前的長度與位置，以3D影像顯示伸入電腦顯示幕的距離與位置，成為實體觸控棒的「虛擬端」。此「虛擬端」與實體觸控棒為絕對定位關係，如同觸控棒直接伸入電腦顯示幕一般。因此使用者可以用3D絕對定位方式、以多個自由度、直接與電腦所產生的3D影像互動。本研究探討實現Z探棒系統的設計，建造出一試驗機及對應的操作軟體，並進行初步測試，展示其功能及可能的應用。預期使用此系統將可發展出全新的繪製、編修與觸控電腦3D圖像的軟體操作方法，應用領域包括3D繪圖設計、工業設計、遊戲軟體、3D CAD新式輸入裝置與方法、生醫手術模擬等。
關鍵字：電腦輸入裝置、3D電腦繪圖、觸控板

This research aims at developing a new hand-held device for human-computer interaction that allows user to directly interact with computer generated 3D images by 3D absolute positioning with multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) capability through the use of a “virtual end” extended from the device into the display screen. The basic concept is to combine a special stylus with a 2D touchpad laid over on the computer screen to obtain 5 DOFs positions of the stylus with respect to the computer screen, and hence to the virtual space displayed in the screen. The length and position of this virtual end can be computed by extrapolation from the 5-DOF measurements and an image of it can be created in the computer by projection of perspective view. A “virtual end” can be defined as the part of the core that sticks into the screen as if the screen is an open window and the core does not retract. This virtual end has absolute 3D positioning relation with the stylus device. Therefore, user can use it to interact with computer generated 3D images by 3D absolute positioning with multiple DOF operations.
Key words: human-computer interaction, 3D computer graphics, touchpad

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目 錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 viii
1.緒論 1
1.1動機與目的 1
1.2 Z探棒: 創新人機互動裝置基本概念 4
1.3 應用潛力 6
1.4技術背景 8
1.5 研究方法 19
2. 系統概念設計與關鍵技術探討 24
2.1伸縮量量測 24
2.2 方向角與傾斜角量測 26
2.3 選用量測方法 30
3.設計 32
3.1　三足Z探棒幾何分析 32
3.2 感測器 44
3.3 機械與機構設計 49
3.4訊號擷取 54
3.4.1訊號傳遞流程 57
3.4.2 Arduino資料擷取 58
3.5軟體 60
3.5.1 Windows form讀取數值與顯示 60
3.5.2 程式碼解析 64
3.5.3 介面呈現 69
4.實驗與測試 76
4.1深度測試 76
4.2 角度測試 78
4.3 繪圖測試 83
5. 討論 91
6.結論 95
附錄-A全向3D顯示系統 96
參考文獻 99

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