在現今無線通訊系統中，transmitter identification (TxID)是一串存在於傳送信號中的序列，每個不同的傳送端擁有不同的序列。它的用途是，讓接收端在收到訊號的同時，能夠藉由TxID輕易辨識訊號來自哪部傳輸端。然而現有標準中，很多都用到了TxID的概念，並在各自領域中有許多序列的分析、錯誤率分析的研究，但產生ID序列的方式、和通訊的調變方式在標準之間不盡相同。本論文將整理現有標準中TxID的技術，利用軟體在基頻上做不同調變的錯誤率模擬，並以通訊理論知識加以分析比較，在最後提出結論，何種技術適用於什麼樣的環境與需求，在制定新通訊標準時能有參考價值。

In nowadays communication systems, transmitter identification (TxID) is a sequence embedding in transmitted signals.　Each transmitter has its own identified sequence. It is used to distinct transmitters easily as receivers get the signals simultaneously. However, in existed standards, they have similar concepts of TxID, and have many researches of　analysing cross-correlation of sequence and analysing bit error rate of signals, but there are differences between
standards such as modulation types and methods of generating sequence.　In this thesis, we list the techniques of TxID systematically, and then run simulations of bit error rate on baseband by software.　In summary, we compare the results by simulations and knowledge of communication theory, propose what kind of conditions are　appropriate for which technique, making the thesis helpful for starting up a new standard.

1 緒論...................................................1

2 基礎知識介紹.............................................2
2.1 數位調變 (Digital modulation).........................2
2.1.1 相位偏移調變 (Phase-shift keying, PSK)...............2
2.1.2 正交振幅調變 (Quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM)..3
2.2 正交分頻多工 (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, OFDM)系統模型.............................................4
2.3 殘邊帶 (Vestigial sideband, VSB)調變..................4
2.4 虛擬亂數二元序列 (Pseudorandom noise binary sequence, PN binary sequence)........................................7
2.4.1 最大長度序列 (Maximum length sequence, M -sequence)..9
2.4.2 Gold sequence.....................................9
2.4.3 Kasami sequence...................................10

3 現今TxID技術概觀........................................12
3.1 RF watermark........................................12
3.2 RF watermark in field sync..........................13
3.3 無線電指紋技術 (RF ngerprinting)......................14
3.4 無線電指紋技術時間分析 (RF ngerprinting by timing analysis)..............................................15
3.5 MAC header (Media access control header)...........15
3.6 全球衛星定位系統 (Global positioning system, GPS).....16
3.7 分碼多重進接 (Code division multiple access, CDMA)...16
3.8 正 交 頻 分 多 址 (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access, OFDMA).........................................17
3.9 單載波頻分多址 (Single-carrier frequency-division multiple access, SC-FDMA).......................................19

4 TxID技術模擬與比較......................................21
4.1 軟體模擬.............................................21
4.1.1 參數定義...........................................21
4.1.2 訊雜比 VS 錯誤率....................................22
4.1.3 Bury ratio VS 錯誤率...............................24
4.2 技術比較.............................................24

5 結論與未來展望..........................................34
Reference..............................................35

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