本論文主要為合成甲基氨碘( CH3NH3I)有機化合物以便後續鈣鈦礦材料合成，以及運用全溶液製成( solution process)，並且製作正結構太陽能電池，化學合成對未來合成其他非鹵化物材料將非常有幫助， 可改用Sn類型元素取代鉛化物，對環境較友善，運用於鈣鈦礦成膜有許多方法，例如:化學氣相沉積[34]、二步沾濕浸泡方式( dip-coating)[31]、或是二步甲基氨碘蒸氣方式[32]( via Vapor- Assisted Solution Process) ，而溶液製成採用溶劑也有許多種類主要為以下兩種:γ-butyrolactone[46]或是DMF[37]( N,N-Dimethylmethanamide)，而採用溶液製成[37]，主要優點為方便，迅速。
元件結構為ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Perovskite/PCBM/Al，主要使用之無機化合物為碘化鉛( PbI2¬)及氯化鉛( PbCl2)，其製作鈣鈦礦太陽能電池元件分別最高效率為2.3%及6.5%，其主要差異為表面平整度，添加氯可提高表面平整，適合製作於平面式鈣鈦礦太陽能電池( planar perovskite solar cells)，於碘化鉛( PbI2)¬探討了退火，溫度，時間，濃度，及反應方式現象，而討論於氯化鉛( PbCl2)更發現溶解度與莫耳比例關係有重要的影響性，而此製成方式，良率極高，對未來更是適合運用於大面積刮刀塗布。

The report describes synthesis of organic methylammonium iodide ( CH3NH3I) and the fabrication of inorganic/organic hybrid solar cells by solution process. Chemical synthesis will be helpful for synthesis of other non-halide materials method in the future, because halide materials are unfriendly to the environment. We can use other elements like Stannum ( Sn) to replace lead. There are many ways to format perovskite film, such as Chemical vapor deposition[34], dip-coating[31] or via Vapor- Assisted Solution Process[32]. The solvent of solution process mainly used two categories: γ-butyrolactone[46] or DMF[37]( N,N-Dimethylmethanamide). The advantage of solution process is quicker and easier in film formation.
The structure of our solar cell is ITO/ PEDOT:PSS /Perovskite/PCBM/Al. Our inorganic compounds are mainly lead iodide( PbI2) and lead chloride( PbCl2). The maximum power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells were up to 2.3% and 6.5%. Both of these materials have different power conversion efficiency, because the surface roughness become less because of the chlorine element. Chlorine, which is helpful to the power conversion efficiency, is added into the fabrication of planar perovskite solar cells. In Lead iodide( PbI2) research, we discussed in annealing temperature, annealing time, concentration variation, and reaction method. For lead chloride( PbCl2), solubility and mole ratio are important influences in our discussion. Using this solution process, we can not only obtain high throughput, but also adapt to large-area by blade-coating in the future.

第一章 序論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.1.1 前言 1
1.1.2 太陽電池的發展 1
1.1.3 鉛鹵鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的發展與文獻回顧 4
1.2研究動機 11
1.2.1 鉛鹵鈣鈦礦太陽能電池優勢 11
1.2.2 為何發展鉛鹵鈣鈦礦正結構太陽能電池 12
1.2.3全溶液製成優勢 13
1.3論文架構 13
第二章 實驗原理 14
2.1太陽電池原理簡介 14
2.1.2理想太陽電池等效電路 14
2.1.3實際太陽電池等效電路 15
2.1.4 太陽能電池基本參數介紹 17
2.1.5 太陽能電池操作分析 20
2.2鉛鹵鈣鈦礦材料特性及能帶理論 23
2.2.1 鉛鹵鈣鈦礦材料特性 23
2.2.2 有機材料的能帶理論 29
2.3本論文研究理論 31
2.3.1 材料的選擇 31
2.3.2 所使用的太陽電池結構 37
第三章 實驗流程介紹 39
3.1基板蝕刻 39
3.1.1 基板切割與清洗 39
3.1.2 乾式光阻貼黏 41
3.1.3 曝光 41
3.1.4 顯影 42
3.1.5 蝕刻 42
3.1.6 清洗光阻 43
3.2甲基氨碘化學合成: 44
3.3元件製作 46
3.3.1基板事前準備: 46
3.3.2電洞傳輸層成膜: 48
3.3.3主動層成膜: 49
3.3.4電子傳輸層成膜: 50
3.3.5量測元件 53
4.1化學合成甲基氨碘 55
4.1.1 合成需要材料，及合成方式 55
4.1.2 合成良率及價格分析 57
4.1.3 確認合成鈣鈦礦XRD圖 58
4.2 純碘鉛鹵鈣鈦礦之正結構元件 61
4.2.1純碘鈣鈦礦I-V曲線 61
4.2.2固態與液態反應方式之差異 64
4.2.3濃度改變之差別 66
4.2.3小結 69
4.3添加氯之鉛鹵鈣鈦礦之正結構元件 70
4.3.1 添加氯之鉛鹵鈣鈦礦I-V曲線 70
4.3.2 不同厚度及時間IPCE之比較 74
4.4有無添加氯鉛鹵鈣鈦礦正結構元件比較 76
4.4.1 鈣鈦礦材料比較I-V曲線 76
4.4.2材料SEM及吸收比較 77
第五章 實驗總結與未來研究發展 82
參考文獻 83

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