合成生物學係指重新改造細胞之行為程序以及利用數學模型進而達到藥物治療、綠能生活以及環境生態復育等目的之學門，於此篇研究中，我們設計一放大器來強化生物感測器對於金屬離子偵測之能力，此假設之放大器係利用金屬誘導系統和細菌群體感應系統兩者在細胞膜的通透性以及不同啟動子的激活能力來達到放大功能，作為放大器設計之應用。我們選擇了兩個銅離子誘導系統以及一個鉛離子誘導系統來分析具放大器之生物感測系統與一般生物感測系統之間的金屬離子偵測性能比較；於所建立好的合成基因電路之動態方程後，我們可以透過定義完善之元件庫以及已估測之動態參數來預測細胞的行為及響應表現，而於具放大器生物感測器系統電路之中的放大器模塊中挑選不同強度的啟動子-核醣體結合位元件，透過數學模擬可分析具放大器之生物感測器提供了不同的金屬離子偵測能力，可提供設計者基於不同偵測需求來選擇元件之強度，最後，實驗結果亦證實所假設之放大器設計的確能夠提升生物感測器對於金屬離子之偵測能力的表現。

Synthetic biology reengineers cell programs and employees mathematical methods for the purposes of the medical treatment, green energy and environment remediation etc.. In this study, an amplifier-based biosensor is designed for enhancing the metal ion detection performance. The proposed amplifier utilizes the difference of cell membrane permeability and promoter abilities between metal ion-induced system and bacteria quorum sensing system to achieve the amplifying function. For the applications of amplifier-based biosensor, we choose two copper-induced systems and one lead-induced system to exploit the better metal ion detection performance of the amplifier-based biosensor system than that of the conventional biosensor system. After constructing the dynamic equations of synthetic genetic circuits, we could predict the cell responses with well-characteristic component libraries and well-identified kinetic parameters. And with the selection of various strengths promoter-RBS components in the amplifier part of amplifier-based biosensor system, we can offer different detection specifications of amplifier-based biosensor system in silicon. Selection of various promoter-RBS components from the corresponding component libraries could provide designer with different detection requirement of metal ion biosensor. Finally, the experimental results verify that the proposed amplifier-based biosensor exactly could enhance the detection ability of metal ions.

摘 要
Abstract
Content
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction
Biosensor circuit and amplifier design for metal ion detection
2.1 Construction of copper biosensor circuit
2.2 Construction of lead biosensor circuit
2.3 Design of amplifier-based bacteria metal ion biosensor
2.4 Dynamic models of biosensor circuit
2.5 Dynamic models of amplifier-based biosensor systems
Detection ability and specification of amplifier-based metal ion biosensor with various promoter-RBS components
3.1 Methodology to characterize the promoter-RBS strength by genetic algorithm
3.2 Various detection specifications of amplifier-based biosensor in silico
3.3 Detection ability of biosensors without/with amplifier in vivo
3.4 Various design specifications of amplifier-based biosensor with different promoter-RBS components in vivo
Discussion
Conclusion
Reference
Figures
Tables
Supplementary Information
A. Supplementary Tables
B. Dynamic equation of catalysis process
C. Supplementary Figures
D. Material and Method
Genetic circuit constructions
Growth medium and GFP assay

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