根據最簡原則和製圖理論，本論文試圖研究苗栗縣泰安鄉泰雅語汶水方言之非限定句的句法結構。本論文主要有二個目的：第一，整理並將所有非限定句分類。第二，探討非限定句結構的句法衍生方式。本文前兩章為泰雅語汶水方言簡介以及文獻回顧。第三章介紹汶水方言之非限定句；第四章提供一些汶水方言的限定句語料，目的是為了和非限定句做比較；第五章提供非限定句的形式分析，同時建構汶水方言補語句結構的地形圖；第六章總結。

本論文根據六種不同的主要動詞類別來探討汶水泰雅語的非限定句：控制結構、目的子句、結構重整、直接感官動詞、難字結構、與心理動詞。所有的非限定句均以不同的連繫詞和主句連結，包括’i’、ru’、cu’、ku’。汶水泰雅語中，非限定句有兩個重要特色：第一，無獨立的主語，第二，無獨立時態；這兩個特色和其他語言的非限定句類似。非限定句也暗示原本二個連接的獨立子句慢慢合併為一個複雜句的過程。以Huang (1995a)與C.Wu (2013)的討論為基礎，並由不同的語法限制和語法測試發現這些非限定句體現為不同大小的句法結構，分別是CP、AspP、VoiceP與名物化的DP。

另一方面，在汶水泰雅語中，完整的限定句也以連繫詞和主句連結。有些連繫詞和引介非限定句的連繫詞同音，表示連繫詞能體現在句法結構的不同階層。此現象也暗指連繫詞語法化的過程。

From the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 2001) and the Cartographic Approach (Rizzi 1997, Cinque 1999), the thesis attempts to investigate the syntax of various types of non-finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal, an Austronesian language spoken in Northern Taiwan. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it elicits and documents the data of non-finite and finite clauses. Second, it illustrates the derivations of various complement clauses. The first two chapters consist of a brief introduction for Mayrinax Atayal and the literature review. Chapter 3 is a discussion for non-finite in Mayrinax. Chapter 4 introduces some finite clauses in Mayrinax so as to compare with non-finite clauses. Chapter 5 gives formal analyses of non-finite clauses and cartography of clauses in Mayrinax. Chapter 6 is the conclusion.

According to different selections of the matrix predicate, including obligatory control, purpose, restructuring, direct perception, tough construction, and psycho-verbs, we examine diverse representations of Mayrinax non-finite clauses. We find that all non-finite clauses without exception have close relationship with linking constructions in Mayrinax Atayal (Huang 1995a, Liu 2011, C. Wu 2013). That is, non-finite clauses are all introduced by different linkers like ’i’, ru’, cu’, ku’. Non-finite complements show clause reduction (or union) with respect to the lack of independent subject and tense. Subject anaphoricity and tenselessness imply that the truncation occurs in syntactic realization. Different types of non-finite clauses demonstrate different sizes of complements such as CP, AspP, VoiceP, and nominalized DP.

On the other hand, we explore several types of finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal so as to make a comparison with non-finite clauses. Some linkers heading finite clauses are homophonous to non-finite linkers, which indicates that linkers are multifunctional and they occupy different positions syntactically due to a grammaticalization process.

Chinese Abstract i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iii
List of Abbreviations vii
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix

Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Research questions 1
1.2. A sketch grammar of Mayrinax Atayal 2
1.2.1. The Phonemic inventory 2
1.2.2. Word Order 3
1.2.3. The Voice Marking System 6
1.2.4. The Tense/aspect/modality (TAM) System 8
1.2.5. The Case Marking System 10
1.2.6. The Pronominal System 11
1.3. Predicate types in Mayrinax Atayal 12
1.4. Sources of Data 13
Chapter 2. Literature Review 14
2.1. Types of clauses 14
2.2. Complementation in Mayrinax Atayal 15
2.3. Conjunctive Reduction in Mayrinax Atayal 18
2.4. Nominalization in Mayrinax Atayal 20
2.5. Non-finite clauses in other languages 22
2.5.1. Obligatory control 22
2.5.2. Purpose clauses 23
2.5.3. Restructuring 28
2.5.4. Perception verbs 34
2.5.5. Tough Construction 35
2.6. Cartographic Approach 35
Chapter 3. Non-finite Clauses in Mayrinax Atayal 37
3.1. Obligatory control 38
3.2. Purpose clauses 40
3.2.1. ’i’-marked construction 40
3.2.2. ru’-marked construction 44
3.2.3. cu’-marked construction 47
3.3. Restructuring verbs 50
3.4. Direct perception verbs 53
3.5. Tough construction 56
3.6. Psych verbs 58
3.7. Interim Summary 60
Chapter 4. Finite Clauses in Mayrinax Atayal 61
4.1. Adverbial clauses 61
4.1.1. Temporal clauses 61
4.1.2. Conditionals 63
4.1.3. Concessive clauses 68
4.2. Factive complements 71
4.3. Interim Summary 75
Chapter 5. Derivations and Cartography of complements in Mayrinax Atayal 75
5.1. The Derivation of non-finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal 78
5.1.1. Obligatory control 78
5.1.2. Purpose clauses 82
5.1.3. Restructuring verbs 90
5.1.4. Direct perception verbs 91
5.1.5. Tough construction 92
5.1.6. Psych verbs 94
5.2. Remarks on finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal 95
5.3. The Cartography of complementation in Mayrinax Atayal 100
Chapter 6. Conclusion 101

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