本篇論文主要研究台灣製造產業是否存在群聚現象以及為何會產生。實證研
究首先採用Ellison and Glaeser (1997) 所建立的衡量方式，以工廠校正暨營運調查資料計算三位碼產業在1992 年到2003 年的群聚程度，實證結果顯示台灣製造產業普遍存在地理集中現象。本論文接著延續Marshall(1920)所提出的概念，實證地檢驗產業形成群聚的主要因素，為了能深入分析各種產業是否存在不同的群聚力量，我們依照經濟部統計局的分類，將台灣製造產業依其產品與營業特性區分成五種產業並各自研究形成群聚的主要原因。研究結果顯示在整體製造業中，勞動市場的結合(labor market pooling)與投入要素共享(input sharing)在城市與區域類別中有著正向的驅使力量使產業形成群聚現象，在個別產業的研究結果指出知識外溢仍是一個重要的群聚力量並同時存在正向和負向影響力；然而Marshall 所提出的其他要素只有在某些產業中存在正向顯著的結果。

In this thesis, we investigate whether the production activities are geographic concentration and why firms would collocate near one another in the same industry. We first employ agglomeration index that is constructed by Ellison and Glaeser (1997) for Taiwan manufacturing sectors from Factory Operation Census to calculate the degrees of geographic concentration in SIC three-digit level industries during 1992 to 2003. Our results confirm that geographic concentrations in Taiwan manufacturing sectors are ubiquitous. Having shown evidences of concentration, we then examine the main driving forces of industrial agglomeration by constructing measures to proxy for Marshall’s theories of agglomeration economies. We not only examine the microfoundations of industrial agglomeration in the overall manufacturing but also split data into five classifications to further investigate the role of Marshallian forces particularly. Empirical results suggest that labor market pooling and input sharing respectively have obvious difference to attract firm to collocate between cities and districts in the overall manufacturing. In the case of particular industries, knowledge spillovers still play an important role and act as centrifugal and centripetal forces; however, other Marshallian forces are only positive and significant in some industries.

Contents
I.Introduction 7
II.Literature Review 10
A.Measurements of Geographic Concentration 10
B.Sources of Geographic Concentration within Industry 11
III.Trends of Manufacturing Agglomeration in Taiwan 16
A.Measurement of Industrial Agglomeration 16
B.Which Industries Agglomerate? 18
IV.Empirical Strategy 27
A.Input Sharing 27
B.Labor Market Pooling 28
C.Knowledge Spillovers 29
D.Natural Resources 32
V.Empirical Results 36
A.Overall Manufacturing Sectors 37
B.Subsamples of Manufacturing Sectors 39
VI.Conclusion 45
Reference47
Appendix49
Table A - EG index for Manufacturing Sectors in Taiwan for All Periods 49
Table B - Correlations between Dependent and Independent Variables 57
Table C - Five Classes of Manufacturing Sectors 63

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