質子治療是新興治療癌症的技術，能提供精確且品質穩定的質子治療探測器，對質子治療及其應用有很大的助益。本論文就是致力於探討質子探測器的研究，開發一套以Linux為平台的質子治療探測器之圖形人機介面與資料擷取系統軟體。
本論文所使用的質子探測器硬體設備由Sensor array的Detector、OPA、ADC、FPGA、USB、High Voltage板、Power Supply所組成，Sensor array為X-Y Strip型共有256個通道。探測器的原理為當質子射線穿過Sensor array時，會游離出電子，藉由高壓驅使電子向Sensor array前進而形成電流，電流經OPA轉換成電壓訊號，用ADC從類比轉成數位訊號，驅動硬體的指令由FPGA控制，最後從USB傳到電腦。
除了要了解上述硬體架構外，本論文主要貢獻是完成在Linux環境中，設計一套圖形人機介面與資料擷取系統軟體控制質子探測器。程式分成三個部分，第一部分為藉由C語言的撰寫，控制探測器開關、輸入Trigger on等訊號驅動硬體、控制ADC取樣的速度、擷取資料的多寡、測試擷取回來的資料有無損失、把得到的資料存成檔案。第二部分是用C++整合ROOT函式庫，撰寫出即時產生圖形的功能，在實驗進行的同時可以即時監控與分析。第三部分是完成整個系統的人機介面，以利操作方便與因應未來可能的商品化。
在完成整個系統後，實際去核能研究所進行以60Co為放射源的實驗，在實驗中順利的控制探測器，包括高壓的控制、取樣頻率的選擇等，並即時產生圖形顯示功能以監看實驗資料是否正確，且把大量資料存成檔案以供實驗數據的分析。在實驗中設定取樣頻率在500Hz、1kHz、2kHz、4kHz時，無資料損失的情況，證明此質子探測器軟硬體系統是正確並可實際運行的。

Proton therapy is a clinically advantageous cancer treatment technology because it has Bragg peak characteristics which, unlike other photon therapies, delivers small amount of dose and hence reduces cell damages in the path, thus making it especially effective in treating vulnerable organs. Precise monitor and control of the proton beam is crucial in the proton therapy system, hence it is very important to be able to accurately and stably detect and measure the energy and position of the proton beam in the system. In this thesis, a Linux-based graphic user interface and DAQ system software for the detector module used in proton therapy is developed.
The detector, having 256 channels (128 X strips + 128 Y strips), detects and converts the received ionized electrons generated by proton beam into digital format by ADC, ready to be read into host PC via USB interface. The FPGA controls the whole data acquisition process.
A Linux- based DAQ system software and a GUI for controlling the detector module is developed in this thesis. The software is divided into three parts: the first part, written in C language, controls the operation of the detector hardware via USB, providing functions for changing high voltage and ADC sampling frequency settings, starting sensing and ADC once or continuously, stopping sensing and ADC, choosing how many data to acquire, and saving data in a file. The second part is using C++ to integrate ROOT functions to produce graphical output immediately in order to facilitate monitoring and analysis during the experiment. The third part is the GUI, to facilitate the convenient operation and commercialization.
The developed system is field tested using 60Co as radiation source in The Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the experiments, the developed system controls the proton detector hardware smoothly, including changing high voltage setting, sampling frequency, …, etc., producing graphical output immediately to monitor whether the experimental data is correct or not, and saving a large amount of data in a file for analyzing experimental data. In the experiments the detector system can carry out with 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, and 4000Hz sampling frequency without data losses. These experiments show that the proton detector hardware controlled by the developed DAQ system software and GUI is correct and can run in a practical situation.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 質子治療探測器系統硬體架構 4
2.1 質子治療癌症背景與介紹 4
2.2 質子探測器系統硬體架構 5
2.3硬體介紹 7
2.4探測器X-Y Strip架構 12
2.5電阻校正 15
第三章 Linux系統中完成軟體建構 18
3.1探測器的控制系統 18
3.2利用USB連接硬體與電腦 20
3.3程式功能介紹 22
3.3.1 檔案存檔格式 22
3.3.2 Data event loss的偵測 23
3.3.3 通道配對 24
3.3.4 電阻校正參數 26
3.3.5 ROOT讀取檔案程式 28
3.4高壓模組、PEDESTAL、DAQ程式流程說明 28
3.4.1 高壓模組程式流程說明 28
3.4.2 Pedestal程式流程說明 32
3.4.3 DAQ程式流程說明 35
3.5 ROOT程式整合與人機介面撰寫 36
3.5.1 ROOT程式功能與函式庫系統整合 36
3.5.2 ROOT人機介面撰寫 38
第四章 系統實作成果 41
4.1系統實際操作 41
4.2實驗流程 42
4.3實驗結果與實驗討論 45
4.3.1實驗結果 45
4.3.2電阻校正參數對實驗結果的影響 46
第五章 結論與未來展望 47
5.1結論 47
5.2未來展望 48
參考文獻 49

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