本論文的研究目的是要探究相較於台灣閩南語本族詞，日語借詞在聲學層面上是否有所不同。前人對於台灣閩南語日語借詞的聲調描述僅限於聽覺描寫，因此本論文從基頻(fundamental frequency)和時長(duration)兩方面的聲學特性先對台灣閩南語本族詞和日語借詞做聲學描述，之後再將兩組詞的聲學數據做比較。
本論文的主要發現有下列四項: 第一，日語借詞聲調之實際調值和文獻中的紀錄不盡相同。第二，借詞升調不同於本族詞升調。第三，我們在本族詞和借詞皆發現了一個新的中降短舒聲調。第四，日語借詞的前字高調，前字中調，後字中降短調和後字入聲中調之音長皆明顯短於本族詞的相對應音長。

The aim of the thesis is to investigate whether Japanese loanwords in Mainstream Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) have different phonetic realizations from native words. Therefore, this thesis provides acoustic descriptions of tones of both native words and loanwords of Taiwanese Southern Min respectively. And then a comparison is made between Japanese loanwords and native words in terms of fundamental frequency (F0) and duration.
The main findings are as follows: first, our acoustic study’s results of Japanese loanwords are not completely consistent with the previous impressionistic transcription. Second, the loan rising tone is different from that in the previous studies. Third, we found a new “half-long” mid falling tone in both native words and loanwords. Fourth, the non-final vowel durations of the high tones and mid tones (both in CV structure) from Japanese loanwords are relatively shorter than those from native words.

ABSTRACTi
摘要ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS(誌謝辭)iii
TABLE OF CONTENTSiv
LIST OF FIGURESvii
LIST OF TABLESix

Chapter 1 Introduction1
1.1 Introduction2
1.2 Literature review2
1.2.1 Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM)3
1.2.2 Japanese loanword tones in Taiwanese Southern Min4
1.2.3 Organization of this thesis6

Chapter 2 Methods8
2.1 Test Material 8
2.2 Subjects10
2.3 Recording procedure11
2.4 Data analysis11
2.5 Tone letters14

Chapter 3 The acoustic realizations of tones17
3.1 LZ-normalized F0 contours17
3.1.1 Native tones17
3.1.1.1 Final tones17
3.1.1.2 Non-final (sandhi) tones21
3.1.2 Loan tones23
3.1.2.1 Final tons24
3.1.2.2 Non-final tones25
3.2 Duration28
3.2.1 Native tones28
3.2.1.1 Final tones28
3.2.1.2 Non-final tones31
3.2.2 Loan words32
3.2.2.1 Final tones32
3.2.2.2 Non-final tones34

Chapter 4 A comparison of previous studies and this study36
4.1 Tone system in native words36
4.1.1 Native non-final syllable37
4.1.2 Native final syllable40
4.2 Tones in loanwords41
4.2.1 Loan non-final syllable43
4.2.1.1 Loan non-final high tone [55] in previous study46
4.2.1.2 Loan non-final rising tone [35] in previous study46
4.2.1.3 Loan non-final falling tone [51] in previous study47
4.2.1.4 Loan non-final falling tone [21] in previous study48
4.2.1.5 Loan non-final mid tone [33] in previous study48
4.2.1.6 Loan non-final high checked tone [5]p,t,k in previous study49
4.2.2 Loan final syllable49
4.2.2.1 Loan final falling tone [51] in previous study51
4.2.2.2 Loan final low tone [21] in previous study51
4.2.2.3 Loan final mid tone [33] in previous study52
4.2.2.4 Loan final mid checked tone [3]ʔ in the previous study53
4.2.2.5 Loan final low tone [11] in previous study53

Chapter 5 A comparison of native words and loanwords55
5.1 Non-final syllable56
5.1.1 Native word [44] vs. loanword [44]56
5.1.2 Native word [212] vs. loanword [323] and [23]58
5.1.3 Native word [53] vs. loanword [53]61
5.1.4 Native word vs. loanword [33] 63
5.1.5 Native word [54]p,t,k vs. loanword [44]p,t,k64
5.2 Final syllable66
5.2.1 Native word [52] vs. loanwords [52] 66
5.2.2 Native word [32]ʔ vs. loanwords [32]ʔ 67
5.3 Interim summary70

Chapter 6 General discussions and conclusions72
6.1 Different behaviors in loanwords72
6.1 1 LZ-normalized F0 contour72
6.1.1.1 Non-lexical tones in loanwords72
6.1.1.2 Tone variation in loanwords73
6.1.2 Duration73
6.2 “Half-long” mid falling tone73
6.3 The distribution of glottal stops75
6.4 Conclusions76
REFERENCES78
Appendix Word lists80

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