現今的社會，對於環境的議題越加重視，為了能使新設計的產品能更環保，公司會對產品進行重新設計，使新設計的產品能符合環境的永續性。因此為了能在設計階段就考慮產品的永續性，本研究將探討零組件的運輸、製造程序和組裝方式，並評估上述因子對溫室氣體排放量（Greenhouse Gas, GHG）所造成的影響，再將零組件依材質進行分類並模組化，使模組化的產品更容易進行回收，提升產品的永續性程度，然而為了使產品在進行永續性的過程中能符合經濟性，因此本研究會探討總成本和生產線平衡，所以本研究為了能達成上述目的，利用突變粒子群演算法(Mutative Particle Swarm Optimization)將產品設計成綠色模組和成本模組，綠色模組目標為利用組裝方式和組裝順序求最小化溫室氣體排放量和模組回收性，成本模組則是最小化的總成本，之後研究更改不同的零件材質，比較不同材質對溫室氣體所造成的影響，因此本研究在設計階段就考慮產品的永續性、裝配性、回收性和模組化，所以當產品在正式量產時能快速地上市，並減少重新設計的時間；在回收上則考量到材質相同的放在同個模組內，所以當產品生命週期結束時可以更容易進行回收，而當產品內的零組件多且結構複雜時，可利用產品模組化來進行分群，使產品結構簡單化，減少產品在生產上的混亂；研究提供給設計者綠色模組、成本模組、不同材質模組等多樣的設計方案，使設計者能選擇對公司有幫助的設計方案，最後研究會討論不同的綠色指標對總成本的影響，讓設計者能在成本和永續性上得到較佳的平衡。

Nowadays,there are more and more legislation concerningwith environmental issues. In order to be more sustainable for the product, the companiesre-design products to reduce the environmental impact. So as to design the sustainable products in the design stage, this study assess the greenhouse gases of the product which is calculated by the components of transportation, manufacturing processes and assembly methods. Then those components are separated into the modules which canmake the product recycling easierby the parts material and it can make products greener. However, todesign the product during the sustainable process can meet the economy, this study examines the costs and line balancing.To be able to achieve above purpose, the study develops a mutation particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm to calculate the approximate optimal green module and cost module. The goal of the green module is using the assembly methods and assembly sequence to calculate the minimize greenhouse gases and meet the module recycling. The goal of the costmodule is the minimize totalcosts. Then the study changes different parts materials which influenceon the impact of greenhouse gases.
This study considersthe product ofsustainability, assembly, recycling and modularization at the design stage. Therefore, the product can be rapidly launched after mass-production and the redesign time for environmental protection conformity can be reduced. In recycling, the studyconsiders placing the components of the same material in the same module. Therefore, the components can be more easily recycled at the end of product life cycle.Moreover, when the product consists of more components which lead a complex structure, the studywill use modularized for clustering product. That can be the structure of the product simplification and reduce confusion in the production. The study provides designers with the greenmodule, the cost module and the different materialsmodule, and the designer can choose the right design strategic for company.Finally the study discusses the different green indicators effecting fortotal costs thatenable the designer to get the good balance withthe costs and sustainability.

中文摘要 III
英文摘要 V
第壹章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 1
1.3研究架構 2
第貳章文獻探討 4
2.1 綠色設計 4
2.1.1 指導方針(Guideline) 5
2.1.2 矩陣 8
2.1.3數學模型 10
2.2 生命週期評估(Life Cycle Assessment) 12
2.3 周全設計 13
2.3.1 零組件關係度分析 13
2.3.2 模組化設計 15
2.3.3裝配性設計(Design for Assembly) 18
2.3.4 拆解設計 22
2.4 小節 27
第參章研究方法 28
3.1現有產品和運作分析 30
3.2現有產品零組件相關性分析 30
3.3 現有產品的生命週期評估以及總成本分析 31
3.4現有產品的模組和組裝順序最佳化 31
3.4.1 產品模組的組裝線平衡分析 32
3.4.2 現有產品的回收程度分析 33
3.4.3 突變型粒子群演算法(Mutative Particle Swarm Optimization,MPSO) 34
3.4.4演算法的編碼 37
3.4.5適切性函數(Fitness function) 38
3.4.6 利用演算法建構綠色/成本模組 38
3.4.7 突變機制 39
3.6 利用新材質重新設計 40
3.7 敏感度分析 41
第肆章案例分析 42
4.1空氣清淨器運作原理 42
4.2現有產品零組件分析 42
4.3產品零組件組裝關係分析 46
4.4現有產品生命週期評估和總成本分析 47
4.5突變型粒子群演算法求最佳綠色模組和成本模組以及組裝順序 48
4.5.1成本模組 49
4.5.2二氧化碳模組 51
4.5.3二氧化碳排放限制下的成本模組 53
4.6重新設計 57
4.6.1 求鋁合金材質不同模組的二氧化碳排碳量 60
4.6.2 求WPC材質不同模組的二氧化碳排碳量 63
4.7組裝方法和新設計方案的比較 67
4.7.1組裝方法的比較 67
4.7.2原本產品與新設計產品的比較 70
4.8敏感度分析 71
4.9.討論 73
4.9.1 貢獻 73
4.9.2 設計決策分析 74
4.9.3 文獻比較 75
4.9.4研究限制 76
第伍章結論 78
參考文獻 79
附錄 91

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