本篇論文研究濕式製程整塊異質接面與蕭基接面有機小分子太陽能電池元件結構與特性。
第一章部分，簡介近代太陽能電池的發展，並且概述有機小分子太陽能電池的發展，接著再對有機高分子太陽能電池做一系列的回顧。
第二章部分，概述太陽能電池的元件特性與有機小分子太陽能電池的運作原理以及元件結構，接著介紹有機材料的準備與分析，以及元件的製作流程，最後為元件量測方法。
第三章部分，我們使用 donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A) 分子結構型態的新型有機材料以及C70或PC71BM作為整塊異質接面元件中的donor與acceptor。使用旋轉塗佈法或是刮刀塗佈法製作主動層，並藉由調控比例改善元件的整塊異質接面結構。
第四章部分，我們使用A-A-D-A-A分子結構型態的有機BODIPY小分子材料以及PC71BM製作整塊異質接面反結構元件，在優化元件後，其最佳表現開路電壓為0.99 V，短路電流為8.3 mA/cm2，填充因子為0.40，效率達3.3%。
第五章部分，我們開發以小分子donor嫁接氧化石墨烯的donor材料，並搭配C70製作有機太陽能電池，其最佳表現開路電壓0.72 V，短路電流8.6 mA/cm2，填充因子0.43，效率2.7%，為目前以氧化石墨烯為主動層材料之太陽能電池中，轉換效率最高的元件。
第六章部分，我們利用刮刀塗佈法實現低donor濃度有機蕭基接面元件，並藉由濕式製程慣用的共溶劑手法，進一步提升元件效率，其最佳表現開路電壓0.86 V，短路電流12.6 mA/cm2，填充因子0.48，效率高達5.2%。

In this thesis, we focus on the fabrication and characterization of solution-processed bulk heterojunction and Schottky junction small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs).
In the first chapter, we briefly review the development of modern photovoltaics, expecially the history of SMOSCs and polymer solar cells.
In the second chapter, the operation principles and characteristics of organic solar cells are described, followed by the details of material analysis, device fabrication, and characteristics measurements.
In the third part of the thesis, we have studied a series of tailor-made compounds with donor-acceptor-acceptor (D-A-A) molecular structures as donor materials for solution-processed SMOSCs. Spin-coated and blade-coated devices were fabricated and the performance of the devices were further improved by manipulating the donor:acceptor blend ratios.
In the fourth chapter, a series of organic A-A-D-A-A compound as donor material has been studied. Solution-processed inverted bulk heterojunction cells were fabricated from the blends of the donors and PC71BM. The opitimized cells showed VOC of 0.99 V, JSC of 8.3 mA/cm2, FF of 0.40, and efficiency up to 3.3%.
In the penultimate chapter, we demonstrate a series of small molecule-grafted graphenes as donor material for solution-processed SMOSCs. The opitimized cells showed VOC of 0.72 V, JSC of 8.6 mA/cm2, FF of 0.43, and efficiency as high as 2.7%. This efficiency is among the highest ever reported for organic solar cells based on graphene derivatives as solar active materials.
In the last chapter, the solution-processed C70-based organic Schottky junction devices have been fabricated using blade-coating technique. We adopted the co-solvent method in our blade-coated organic Schottky junction devices and the opitimized cells which showed VOC of 0.86 V, JSC of 12.6 mA/cm2, FF of 0.48, and efficiency as high as 5.2% were demostrated.

目錄
致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XXI
Chapter 1 序論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 太陽能電池發展簡介 2
1-2.1 第一代太陽能電池 2
1-2.2 第二代太陽能電池 3
1-2.3 第三代太陽能電池 3
1-2.3.1 染料敏化太陽能電池 4
1-2.3.2 有機薄膜太陽能電池 4
1-3 論文結構 7
1-4 圖表附錄 8
Chapter 2 有機太陽能電池工作原理與特性量測 9
2-1 簡介 9
2-2 太陽光光譜 9
2-3 有機太陽能電池工作原理 10
2-4 有機太陽能電池光電特性 11
2-4.1 開路電壓 (open circuit voltage, VOC)： 12
2-4.2 短路電流 (short circuit current, JSC)： 12
2-4.3 填充因子 (fill factor, FF)： 13
2-4.4 外部量子效率 (external quantum efficiency, E.Q.E.)： 13
2-4.5 變光強之光電特性 14
2-5 有機太陽能電池元件結構 15
2-5.1 依有機主動層型態分類 15
2-5.2 依載子傳輸方向分類 16
2-6 有機太陽能電池材料的準備與分析 17
2-6.1 有機太陽能電池材料的純化 17
2-6.2 熱物理性質測量 17
2-6.3 光物理性質測量 17
2-7 有機太陽能電池元件製作流程 18
2-8 有機太陽能電池特性量測 20
2-8.1 J-V特性曲線量測 20
2-8.2 外部量子效率量測 20
2-8.3 變光強之J-V特性曲線量測 20
Chapter 3 濕式製程小分子有機太陽能電池 24
3-1 濕式製程小分子有機太陽能電池發展及簡介 24
3-2 有機小分子搭配未改質富勒烯之高效率太陽能電池 26
3-2.1 DPDCPB搭配C70之整塊異質接面反結構元件 26
3-2.2 DTDCPB搭配C70之整塊異質接面反結構元件 27
3-2.3 DPDCTB搭配C70之整塊異質接面反結構元件 29
3-2.4 DTDCTB搭配C70之整塊異質接面反結構元件 30
3-2.5 DPDCPB、DTDCPB、DPDCTB與DTDCTB之比較 31
3-2.6 DTDCPB搭配C70之熱退火處理元件 32
3-3 不對稱型小分子JDCBO 33
3-3.1 JDCBO之光物理性質 34
3-3.1.1 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜 34
3-3.1.2 光學係數 34
3-3.1.3 光電子頻譜 34
3-3.2 JDCBO搭配C70之整塊異質接面元件 34
3-3.2.1 反結構元件 34
3-3.2.2 正結構元件 35
3-4 不對稱型小分子JuDCI、TJDCI與JuSDI 36
3-4.1 JuDCI、TJDCI與JuSDI之熱物理性質 37
3-4.2 JuDCI、TJDCI與JuSDI之光物理性質 37
3-4.2.1 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜 37
3-4.2.2 光學係數 37
3-4.2.3 光電子頻譜 38
3-4.3 以旋轉塗佈法製備整塊異質接面元件 38
3-4.3.1 以旋轉塗佈法製備JuDCI搭配C70之元件 39
3-4.3.2 以旋轉塗佈法製備TJDCI搭配C70之元件 40
3-4.3.3 以旋轉塗佈法製備JuSDI搭配C70之元件 40
3-4.4 以刮刀塗佈法製備整塊異質接面元件 41
3-4.4.1 以刮刀塗佈法製備JuDCI搭配C70之元件 41
3-4.4.2 以刮刀塗佈法製備TJDCI搭配C70之元件 42
3-4.4.3 以刮刀塗佈法製備JuSDI搭配C70之元件 43
3-4.5 JuDCI與TJDCI之比較 44
3-5 對稱小分子BDCDTS 45
3-5.1 BDCDTS之熱物理性質 45
3-5.2 BDCDTS之光物理性質 45
3-5.2.1 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜 45
3-5.2.2 光學係數 46
3-5.2.3 光電子頻譜 46
3-5.3 對稱小分子BDCDTS之有機太陽能電池元件 46
3-5.3.1 BDCDTS搭配C60之雙層平面型異質接面元件 46
3-5.3.2 BDCDTS搭配TPDCDTS之整塊異質接面元件 47
3-6 未改質之squaraine染料JYL-SQ5 48
3-6.1 JYL-SQ5之光物理性質 48
3-6.1.1 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜 48
3-6.1.2 光學係數 49
3-6.1.3 光電子頻譜 49
3-6.2 JYL-SQ5搭配PC71BM之整塊異質接面反結構元件 49
3-7 結論 51
3-8 圖表附錄 53
Chapter 4 BODIPY小分子之有機太陽能電池 110
4-1 BODIPY小分子於有機太陽能電池發展及簡介 110
4-2 β位共軛BODIPY小分子 111
4-2.1 β位共軛BODIPY小分子之光物理性質 111
4-2.1.1 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜 111
4-2.1.2 光學係數 112
4-2.1.3 光電子頻譜 112
4-2.2 β位共軛BODIPY小分子之有機太陽能電池 112
4-2.2.1 t-FBF搭配PC61BM之整塊異質接面反結構元件 113
4-2.2.2 t-FBF搭配PC71BM之整塊異質接面反結構元件 113
4-2.2.3 β位共軛BODIPY小分子搭配PC71BM之整塊異質接面反結構元件 114
4-2.2.4 β位共軛BODIPY小分子元件探討 115
4-2.2.5 t-FBF搭配PC71BM之整塊異質接面正結構元件 116
4-3 Thienyl-BODIPY小分子 118
4-3.1 Thienyl-BODIPY小分子之光物理性質 118
4-3.1.1 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜 118
4-3.1.2 光學係數 118
4-3.1.3 光電子頻譜 119
4-3.2 Thienyl-BODIPY小分子之有機太陽能電池元件 119
4-3.2.1 AS346R搭配PC61BM之整塊異質接面元件 119
4-3.2.2 AS346R搭配PC71BM之整塊異質接面反結構元件 120
4-3.2.3 AS355R搭配PC71BM之整塊異質接面反結構元件 121
4-3.2.4 熱退火處理AS346R與AS355R元件 122
4-3.2.5 Thienyl-BODIPY小分子元件探討 123
4-3.2.6 AS355R之蒸鍍元件 124
4-4 結論 125
4-5 圖表附錄 126
Chapter 5 小分子嫁接氧化石墨烯有機太陽能電池 157
5-1 嫁接氧化石墨烯之有機太陽能電池發展及簡介 157
5-2 g-WTLP與g-TTLP之材料特性 158
5-2.1 紫外光-可見光吸收光譜 158
5-2.2 光學係數 158
5-2.3 光電子頻譜 159
5-3 小分子嫁接氧化石墨烯之有機太陽能電池元件 159
5-3.1 g-WTLP與g-TTLP之單層元件 159
5-3.2 g-WTLP搭配C70之整塊異質接面元件 160
5-3.3 g-TTLP搭配C70之整塊異質接面元件 161
5-4 結論 164
5-5 圖表附錄 165
Chapter 6 低donor濃度蕭基接面有機太陽能電池 177
6-1 低donor濃度蕭基接面元件發展及簡介 177
6-2 低donor濃度蕭基接面有機太陽能電池 179
6-2.1 低donor濃度蕭基接面元件 179
6-2.2 低donor濃度蕭基接面元件探討 181
6-3 優化低DBP濃度蕭基接面元件 183
6-3.1 調控DBP濃度 183
6-3.2 co-solvent元件 184
6-3.3 調控三氯苯濃度 185
6-4 結論 187
6-5 圖表附錄 188
Chapter 7 未來展望 205
Publication list 206
參考文獻 207

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