鑒於在實驗上發現了兩種相似的雙Λ系統有其完全不同的能量耗損機制，本文探討電磁波誘發透明(Electromagnetically Induced Transparency，簡稱EIT)的單Λ系統轉換成四波混合(Four-Wave Mixing，簡稱FWM)的雙Λ系統中能量耗損。主要研究的研究工作區分為三部分。第一部分，緩變條件的尋找。利用暗態分析和非暗態分析的方式，雙Λ系統能夠有適當的物理圖像作拆解，最後我們的得以獲得反應時間(response time)和耦合光的上升時間(rising time)的比較關係，也就是所謂的緩變條件(adiabatic condition)。第二部分，基態同調(ground state coherence)和探測光的能量分布形式。我們討論暗態激子(dark state polariton)在系統中扮演的角色，以及證明其能量分配的形式和物理量 η 有直接相關。於此部份的最後，我們說明於EIT系統中的能量分配比例同時也會影響到系統的耗損機制。第三部分，高轉換效率的設計。基於前兩部分的探討，我們期望設計既滿足變條件(第一部分結論)也使得系統能量集中於基態同調(第二部分結論)的高轉換效率系統。本文最後探討三種不同高轉換效率的雙Λ系統並比較其轉換效率。

In experiment, we have found two similar double-Λ systems, which have converse absorption result. For the sake of understanding the absorption mechanisms between these two cases, we focus the primary research target on absorption mechanisms from single-Λ to double-Λ system. The research process can be divided by three parts. The first one is about the adiabatic condition. According to dark state and non-dark state analysis, double-Λ system will be decomposed to two eigen-modes. Based on the physics decomposition method, the relation between rising time from coupling light and response time is found (or we call the relation: adiabatic condition). The second part is about the energy ratio between ground state coherence and the probe light. Dark state polariton, as a quantum particle, carries the information during propagation in single-Λ and double-Λ system by ground state coherence and probe light. We use numerical calculations to prove that the energy ration between these two components of dark state polariton is related to a physical quantity η. Final part is about the designing of a conversion system with high conversion efficiency. According to previous two parts result, we are capable to design a system with negligible energy loss; finally we compare three types of conversion systems.

摘要(中文)
摘要(英文)
簡介

第二章 電磁波誘發透明
2.1 慢光
2.2 能量守恆
2.3 暗態激子

第三章 雙Λ系統
3.1 基底轉換(物理圖像)
3.2 變數轉換(數學變換)
3.2 能量守恆

第四章 EIT轉換成雙Λ系統
4.1 時間域的緩變條件
4.2 空間域的緩變條件
4.3 高轉換效率之應用

第五章 結論

參考文獻
附錄A 二能階系統
A.1 二能階的色散關係
A.2 能量守恆

附錄B 單光子失諧下的EIT系統

附錄C 光子開關
C.1 多光子躍遷
C.2 能量守恆
C.3 光儲存系統的光子開關
C.4 交錯相位調變

附錄D 失諧雙Λ連續波系統

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