熔鹽式反應器（Molten Salt Reactor, MSR）為六種第四代核反應器（Generation VI）中的一種，其最初設計概念可追溯至1954年的飛行器核能推進計畫（Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion, ANP）就已有紀錄。特點為冷卻劑以及燃料皆使用高溫的熔融態氟化物熔鹽，具有很高的熱傳性質。熔鹽式反應器設計較現有的輕水式反應器更為簡單、體積更小、安全性更佳，並且可轉化用過核燃料中的錒系元素，可以解決現今用過核燃料的問題。
鎳基與鉬基合金的結構材料在熔鹽環境下所表現的腐蝕行為成為開發MSR中必須研究的題目。水氣以及氧氣在熔鹽的環境中對於材料的腐蝕具有很大的影響力，尤其是水氣的殘留會在高溫與熔鹽形成氫氟酸（HF）造成合金的嚴重腐蝕。故純化品質的好壞將會影響氟化物熔鹽在高溫環境下的腐蝕性，尤其Cr元素更是特別嚴重，所以一般挑選適用於MSR的結構用材料皆採用低Cr的鎳基或是鉬基合金。
本實驗選定Hastelloy N、Hastelloy B3這兩款鎳基超合金以及TZM鉬基高溫合金進行浸沒腐蝕實驗，配合自行設計之熔鹽純化系統以求除去熔鹽內部殘留水分。實驗條件為600℃以及700℃，實驗時間設定為100、200、500以及1000小時，並量測其單位面積質量損失以及利用掃描式電子顯微鏡（Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM）觀察試片表面以及橫截面的型態以探討其腐蝕行為。結果顯示Hastelloy N為最抗腐蝕的合金，而在含水氣環境下腐蝕情形劇烈的鉬基合金TZM則在本系統中表現較佳，顯示鉬元素在除水環境下對於氟化物熔鹽具有抵抗性，進而證實本實驗設計之純化系統確實具有除去熔鹽內部水氣之能力。而腐蝕型態皆有所不同， Hastelloy N、Hastelloy B3傾向於均勻腐蝕為主、沿晶腐蝕為輔，而TZM合金則傾向於均勻腐蝕為主、孔蝕為輔。

摘要 i
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xiii
第一章 前言與研究動機 1
第二章 文獻回顧 8
2-1熔鹽式反應器之發展歷史 8
2-2 熔鹽內之材料腐蝕實驗種類 10
2-2-1 材料浸沒實驗 10
2-2-2 材料機械性質實驗 11
2-2-3 材料應力腐蝕龜裂實驗 11
2-2-4 材料輻射損傷實驗 12
2-3 熔鹽式反應器近年之研究 12
2-3-1中歐斯洛伐克科學院實驗 13
2-3-2中國科學院上海應用物理研究所實驗 14
2-3-3日本核融合科學研究所實驗 16
2-3-4美國威斯康辛大學實驗 18
2-4氟化鹽類熔鹽的選擇 19
2-5熔鹽腐蝕種類 21
2-5-1本質腐蝕 21
2-5-2不純物腐蝕 22
2-5-2-1水氣不純物與鉬的脫溶現象 26
2-5-3溫度梯度腐蝕 27
2-5-3-1擴散係數與溫度 28
2-5-3-2溶解度與溫度 29
2-5-4加凡尼腐蝕 31
2-6結構材料研發 31
2-7 FLiNaK的預先純化處理方式 32
2-7-1重融法 33
2-7-2真空烘乾法 33
2-7-3氟化溴法 33
2-7-4氟化氫銨法 34
2-7-5氟化氫與氫氣混合氣體法 34
2-7-6電解精煉法 35
第三章 實驗原理與方法 69
3-1靜態浸沒腐蝕實驗 69
3-1-1實驗裝置 69
3-1-2材料選用 70
3-1-3實驗過程 70
3-2實驗分析儀器 72
3-2-1電子顯微鏡 72
第四章 結果與討論 76
4-1 600℃浸沒腐蝕實驗 76
4-1-1 質量變化 76
4-1-2 電子顯微鏡分析 77
4-1-2-1 Hastelloy-N SEM分析 78
4-1-2-2 Hastelloy-B3 SEM分析 79
4-1-2-3 TZM SEM分析 80
4-1-3 X-光薄膜繞射分析 81
4-1-4 綜合討論 82
4-2 700℃浸沒腐蝕實驗 83
4-2-1 質量變化 83
4-2-2 電子顯微鏡分析 84
4-2-2-1 Hastelloy-N SEM分析 84
4-2-2-2 Hastelloy-B3 SEM分析 85
4-2-2-3 TZM SEM分析 86
4-2-3 綜合討論 87
4-3 DL-EPR測試鎳基超合金的敏化現象 88
第五章 結論 140
第六章 未來工作 142
參考文獻 143

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