研究目的：探討參與競技運動的國小學童之父母展現轉型教養方式與父母涉入運動的關係。研究方法：採用問卷調查法，本研究以112學年度新竹縣市16個國小運動代表校隊之學童為研究對象，共發出240份問卷，刪除單親選手問卷9份及無效問卷27份，得有效問卷204份，男生人數為117人，女生為87人，有效問卷率為85％。研究工具以「轉型教養量表」和「臺灣競技運動情境知覺父母涉入量表」為測量工具。資料收集後，以描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關、階層迴歸進行統計。研究結果：父親轉型教養在父親指導行為，父親場邊行為，父親後勤支持呈正相關；母親轉型教養在父親指導行為、父親場邊行為、父親後勤支持、母親指導行為、母親場邊行為、母親後勤支持呈正相關。在預測方面，父親轉型教養可正向預測父親指導行為、父親場邊行為與父親後勤支持；母親轉型教養可以正向預測母親指導行為、母親場邊行為、母親後勤支持。結論：本研究釐清了國小學童參與競技運動之父母展現轉型教養與父母涉入運動的關係，以及兩者之間的預測效果。

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the manifestation of transformative parenting styles by parents of elementary school children participating in competitive sports and parental involvement in sports. Method: A questionnaire survey method was employed. The study focused on 204 valid responses from elementary school children who were members of 16 school sports teams in Hsinchu County and City during the 112th academic year. The questionnaire was distributed to 240 participants, with 27 invalid responses and 9 questionnaires from single-parent athletes excluded, resulting in a valid response rate of 85%. The measurement tools used were the "Transformative Parenting Scale" and the "Taiwanese Competitive Sports Context Perception Parental Involvement Scale." Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. Findings: The study revealed a positive correlation between paternal transformative parenting and paternal guidance behavior, paternal sideline behavior, and paternal logistical support. Similarly, maternal transformative parenting showed positive correlations with paternal guidance behavior, paternal sideline behavior, paternal logistical support, maternal guidance behavior, maternal sideline behavior, and maternal logistical support. In terms of prediction, paternal transformative parenting positively predicted paternal guidance behavior, paternal sideline behavior, and paternal logistical support, while maternal transformative parenting positively predicted maternal guidance behavior, maternal sideline behavior, and maternal logistical support. Conclusion: This study elucidates the relationship between the manifestation of transformative parenting by parents of elementary school children participating in competitive sports and parental involvement in sports, as well as the predictive effects between the two.

目 次...IV
表 次...VII
圖 次...VIII
第壹章 緒論...1
第一節、研究背景...1
第二節、研究目的...2
第三節、研究問題...3
第四節、研究假設...3
第五節、名詞操作定義...4
第六節、研究範圍與限制...5
第貳章 文獻探討...6
第一節、轉型領導理論演變相關研究...6
第二節、轉型教養理論相關研究...9
第三節、父母涉入運動的概念與相關研究...15
第四節、轉型教養與父母涉入運動的關係...18
第參章 研究方法...23
第一節、研究架構與設計...23
第二節、研究對象...24
第三節、研究工具...26
第四節、研究程序...28
第五節、資料處理...29
第肆章 研究結果與討論...30
第一節、變項的基本描述與統計相關分析...30
第二節、階層迴歸分析與假設驗證...31
第三節、討論...33
第伍章 結論...36
第一節、結論...36
第二節、建議...37
參考文獻...38
中文部分...38
英文部分...39
附錄一...44
附錄二...45

中文部分
中華民國教育部（2014）。中華民國教育研究院辭書教育百科。https://pedia.cloud.edu.tw/。
王亭文（2015）。競技運動情境中父母涉入的概念化：測量發展與檢驗（未出版之博士論文）。國立體育大學體育學院。
王亭文、劉佳哲（2023）。臺灣競技運動情境知覺父母涉入量表初步發展與驗證。大專體育，25(1)，167-182。
吳秋鋒（2002）。父母教育程度、職業教養信念及參與子女學習之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文），國立嘉義大學。
周月清（2015）。家庭社會工作：理論與方法。台灣五南圖書出版5-10
洪嘉文（2000）。社會化與運動關係初探。中華體育季刊，14(2)，1-9。
高三福（2007）。運動領導理論的發展及可行的研究方向。中華體育季刊，21(1)，59-66。
高三福（2009）。教練轉型領導與交易領導及運動員的團隊承諾：內在動機的調節效果。體育學報，42(3)，45-62。
高三福（2011）。多因子領導量表修訂。（未出版之工具）國立新竹教育大學。
高三福、連玉輝、鄭昱宏、鄭伯壎（2020）。轉型領導與家長式領導在運動領導研究回顧與展望。中華心理學刊，62(2)，267-298。
國家教育研究院（2023）。中華民國教育部重編國語辭典修訂本第六版。https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/。
馮燕、江東亮、田旻立（2013）。臺灣大型調查用家長教養量表之發展。幼兒教保研究期刊，11，1-20
賴雅馨、廖主民（2008）。父母親對於兒童信念及行為的影響機制與兒童知覺父母涉入的品質。體育學報，41(3)，15-28。
英文部分
Avolio, B.J. (1999). Full leadership development: Building the vital forces in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Babkes, M.L., & Weiss, M.R. (1999). Parental influence on children’s cognitive and affective responses to competitive soccer participation. Pediatric Exercise Science, 11(1), 44-62.
Barling, J., Weber, T., & Kelloway, E.K. (1996). Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology,81, 827-832.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Macmillan.
Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational leadership: Industrial, Military, and educational impact. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Transformational leadership development: Manual for the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nded.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
Bass,B.M.,&Riggio,R.E.(2006).Transformationalleadership(2nded.).Mahwah,NJ:
Bass,B.M.,&Riggio,R.E.(2006).Transformationalleadership(2nded.).Mahwah,NJ:
Bass,B.M.,&Riggio,R.E.(2006).Transformationalleadership(2nded.).Mahwah,NJ:
Bloch, P. H., & Richins, M. L. (1983). A theoretical model for the study of product importance perceptions. Journal of Marketing, 47 (3), 69-81.
Brook, J. S., Brook, D. W., De La Rosa, M. et al. Adolescent Illegal Drug Use: The Impact of Personality, Family, and Environmental Factors. J Behav Med 24, 183–203 (2001).
Brustad, R. J. (1993). Who will go out and play? Parental and psychological influences on children’s attraction to physical activity. Pediatric Exercise Science, 5 (3), 210-223. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.5.3.210
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
Chapiln, T. M., Klein, M. R., Cole, P. M., & Turpyn, C. C. (2017). Developmtntal change in emotion expression in frustrating situations: The roles of context and gender. Lnfant and Child Development, 26(6), e2028. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2028.
Cumming, S. P., & Ewing, M. E. (2004). Parental involvement in youth sports: The good, the bad and the ugly. Spotlight on Youth Sports, 26(1), 1-5
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting styleascontext: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487496.
Erlbaum
Erlbaum
Erlbaum
Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S. (2004). Parental influences on youth involvement in sports. In M. R. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental sport and exercise psychology: A lifespan perspective (pp. 145164). Fitness Information Technology.
Froget-Dubois, N., Dionne, G., Lemelin, J. P., Pérusse, D., Tremblay, R. E., & Boivin, M. (2009). Early child language mediates the relation between home environment and school readiness. Child Development, 80, 736-749. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01294.x
Galbraith, K. A., & Schvaneveldt, J. D. (2005). Family leadership styles and family well-being. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33, 220239.
Gould, D., Tuffey, S., Udry, E., & Loehr, J. (1997). Burnout in competitive tennis players: II. qualitative analysis. The Sport Psychologist,10,341-366.
Holt, N. L., Tamminen, K. A., Black, D. E., Mandigo, J. L., & Fox, K. R. (2009). Youth sport parenting styles and practices. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31 (1), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.37
Hutchinson, S. L., Baldwin, C. K., & Caldwell, L. L. (2003). Differentiating parent practices related to adolescent behavior in the free time context. Journal of Leisure Research, 35(4), 396-422. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2003.11950003
Katie L. Morton, Julian Barling, Ryan E. Rhodes, Louise C. Mâsse, Bruno D. Zumbo & Mark R. Beauchamp (2010) Extending transformational leadership theory to parenting and adolescent health behaviours: an integrative and theoretical review, Health Psychology Review, 4:2, 128-157.
Kelloway, E. K., & Barling, J. (2000). What we have learned about developing transformational leaders. Leadership & Organisational Development Journal, 21, 355-362.
Lavoi, N. M., & Stellino, M. B. (2008). The relation between perceived parent-created sport climate and competitive male youth hockey players’good and poor sport behaviors. The Journal of Psychology, 142 (5), 471-496. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.142.5.471-496
Lee,M., & Maclean, S. (1997). Sources of parental pressure among age group swimmers. European Journal of Physical Education, 2 (2), 167-177.
Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen, & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality, and social development (Vol. 4, pp.1101). New York: Wiley.
Morton KL, Keith SE, Beauchamp MR. (2010) Transformational teaching and physical activity: A new paradigm for adolescent health promotion? Journal of Health Psychology. 15 (2) : 248-257.
Morton, K. L., Barling, J., Rhodes, R. E., Mâsse, L. C., Zumbo, B. D., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2010). Extending transformational leadership theory to parenting and adolescent health behaviours: An integrative and theoretical review. Health Psychology Review, 4, 128–157.
Morton, K. L., Wilson, A. H., Perlmutter, L. S., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2012). Family leadership styles and adolescent dietary and physical activity behaviors: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutritionand Physical Activity, 9.
Morton, Katie L., Barling, Julian, Rhodes, Ryan E., Masse, Louise C., Zumbo, Bruno D. and Beauchamp, Mark R. (2011) The Application of Transformational Leadership Theory to Parenting: Questionnaire Development and Implications for Adolescent Self-Regulatory Efficacy and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33 (5). pp. 688-709.
Popper, M., & Mayseless, O. (2003). Back to basics: Applying a parenting perspective to transformational leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 14, 4165.
Power, T. G., & Woolger, C. (1994). Parenting practices and age-group swimming: Acorrelational study. Research Quarterly for Exercise Science, 5, 275-285.
Robbins, S. P. (1998). Organizationtheory: Structuredesign, andapplication. SanDiego, CA: PrenticeHall.
Sánchez, P. M., leo, F., sánchez, D. O., García, T. C. (2013). The Importance of Parents' Behavior in their Children's Enjoyment and Amotivation in Sports. J Hum Kinet. 28;36: 169-77.
Schunk, D. H., & Miller, S. D. (2002). Self-efficacy and adolescents’ motivation. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Academic motivation of adolescents (pp.2952). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
Sergiovanni, T. J. (2009). The headteachership: A reflective practice perspective. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Shea, C.M., & Howell, J.M. (1999). Charismatic leadership and task feedback: A laboratory study of their effects on self-efficacy and task performance. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 375-396.
Sherif, M., & Cantril, H. (1947). The psychology of ego - involvements, social attitudes and identifications. New York: Wile.
Stein, G. L., Raedeke, T. D., & Glenn, S. D. (1999). Children’s perceptions of parent sport involvement: It’s not how much, but to what degree that’s important. Journal of Sport Behavior, 22(4), 591-601.
Toftegaard-Støckel, J., Nielsen, G.A., Ibsen, B. and Andersen, L.B. (2011), Parental, socio and cultural factors associated with adolescents' sports participation in four Danish municipalities. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21: 606-611. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01093.x
Tucker, S. Turner, N. Barling, J. &　McEvoy, M. (2009). Transformational Leadership and Childrens' Aggressionin Team Settings: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study. Leadership Quarterly, Forthcoming, Queen's School of Business Research Paper No. 03-09.
Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization (T. Parsons, Tans.). New York: Free Press. (Original work published in 1924)
Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organizations. (5thed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
ZaichkowsL. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12,341-352.