綜觀過往文獻，國內外探討生涯自我效能、工作價值觀與生涯定向之關係及不同人口變項對生涯定向的差異研究，絕大多數以職業學生或應屆畢業生為研究對象，本研究首度以職前職訓學員即失待業者為對象對生涯定向相關議題進行探討。此外，本研究以生涯自我效能為中介變項探討三構念間互相之關係，亦為國內對此三構念關係探討之首例。
本研究旨在探討(一)職前職業訓練學員生涯定向、生涯自我效能、工作價值觀之現況。(二)以性別、教育程度、工作年資、參訓身分別為背景變項在生涯定向、生涯自我效能、工作價值觀之差異情形。(三)生涯自我效能、工作價值觀對生涯定向影響性並對生涯自我效能的中介效果進行檢定。
本研究以勞動部勞動力發展署桃竹苗分署下轄桃園職業訓練場及幼獅職業訓練場之職前職業訓練在訓學員為研究對象，資料蒐集方式採用紙本及線上問卷併行進行調查，共計發出紙本問卷320份，回收296份，有效問卷共241份，紙本有效回收率75%，有效線上問卷共68份，總計有效問卷309份。研究工具包含「生涯因素量表」、「成人生涯認知量表之自我效能分量表」與「工作價值觀量表」，蒐集之資料以描述統計分析、Pearson積差相關分析、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及路徑分析進行統計分析。根據研究結果，本研究獲得下列主要發現：
一、職前職訓學員生涯自我效能屬中上程度，其中以信心強度表現最佳，推論性次之，知覺難度最低；生涯定向程度為中等，對於職業目標的確定度及目前職業抉擇狀態的安適程度均屬尚可；職前職訓學員對工作價值觀各層面皆感重視且差異性不大。
二、不同教育程度、工作年資、參訓身分別之學員在生涯定向上有顯著差異；不同工作年資、參訓身分別之學員在生涯自我效能有顯著差異；不同性別、教育程度學員對內在工作價值觀重視程度有顯著差異；不同工作年資、參訓身分別之學員對外在工作價值觀重視程度有顯著差異。
三、生涯自我效能對生涯定向具顯著正向影響。
四、內在工作價值觀及外在工作價值觀對生涯定向不具顯著影響。
五、生涯自我效能在內在工作價值觀及外在工作價值觀與生涯定向之關係具中介效果。
最後，根據本研究結果提出建議，以作為對職前職業訓練學員生涯輔導及後續相關研究之參考。

In the past, domestic and international studies on the relationship between career self-efficacy, work values and career orientation, and differences in career orientation between different demographics, most of them are based on vocational students or recent graduates. this study is the first case for the current states of pre-employment vocational training students (An unemployed) in Taiwan.In addition, this study further explores the relationship between the three constructs with career self-efficacy as an intermediary variable, and is the first case for the discussion of the relationship between the three constructs in Taiwan.
This study investigated the following topics: (a) the current states of pre-employment vocational training students’ career orientation, career self-efficacy, and work values; (b) the differences in the career decision, career self-efficacy, and work values of students with different demographic variables such as sex, educational attainment, years of employment, and identity, as defined when they were enrolled in the training program (enrollment identity); and (c) the influences of career self-efficacy and work values on career decision. Furthermore, the mediating effect of career self-efficacy was assessed.
The research subjects of this study were students in pre-employment vocational training programs in Taoyuan Vocational Training Center and Youth Vocational Training Center, which are subsidiary facilities of the Taoyuan–Hsinchu–Miaoli Regional Branch of the Workforce Development Agency of the Ministry of Labor. The data were collected using printed and online questionnaires. A total of 320 printed questionnaires were distributed, 296 were returned, and of which 241 were valid copies, yielding a valid response rate of 75%. Moreover, 68 valid online questionnaires were returned. A total of 309 valid questionnaires were obtained. The research instruments adopted were the Career Factors Inventory, the Career Self-efficacy Subscale of the Adult Career Cognitive Scale, and the Work Values Inventory. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, independent samples t tests, one-way analysis of variance, and path analysis. According to the research results, the following findings were obtained:
(a)The career self-efficacy levels of pre-employment vocational training students were moderate to high. Of all items included, the students scored the highest in their confidence, followed by inferential capacity and perceived difficulty. Their level of career decision was moderate, as was their assuredness in career goals and comfort in their current states of career decision-making. Pre-employment vocational training students emphasized all aspects of work values and exhibited negligible differences among the aspects.
(b)Students with different educational levels, years of employment, and enrollment identities exhibited significant differences in their career orientation; students with different years of employment and enrollment identities exhibited significant differences in their career self-efficacy; students with different sexes and educational levels exhibited significant differences in their levels of emphasis on internal work values; and student with different years of employment and enrollment identities exhibited significant differences in their levels of emphasis on external work values.
(c)Career self-efficacy had a significantly positive influence on career decision.
(d)Internal and external work values did not have a significant influence on career decision.
(e)Career self-efficacy mediated the relationship between career decision and both internal and external work values.
Finally, several suggestions were proposed to serve as a reference for administering career guidance and counseling to pre-employment vocational training students as well as for subsequent studies.

摘 要
Abstract
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 名詞釋義 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 生涯定向 7
第二節 生涯自我效能 20
第三節 工作價值觀 27
第四節 生涯定向、生涯自我效能、工作價值觀之差異分析 37
第五節 生涯自我效能對生涯定向之影響 44
第六節 工作價值觀對生涯定向之影響 45
第七節 生涯自我效能對工作價值觀與生涯定向間之中介效果 47
第三章 研究方法 49
第一節 研究架構與研究假設 49
第二節 研究對象與程序 52
第三節 研究工具 55
第四節 資料分析方法 67
第四章 研究結果與討論 71
第一節 描述性統計 71
第二節 相關分析 75
第三節 差異分析 76
第四節 路徑分析 90
第五章 結論與建議 97
第一節 研究結果 97
第二節 理論與實務意涵 99
第三節 研究限制與建議 102
參考文獻 105
附錄一：專家內容效度評核表 121
附錄二：正式問卷 131
附錄三：預試問卷項目分析、信度及效度分析結果摘要表 137

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