本研究目的在於探討伴侶在藝術治療中參與者的溝通經驗與感受，藉由三對成人未婚異
性戀伴侶之藝術治療溝通經驗，瞭解伴侶在藝術治療中溝通的想法與感受，期盼未來能應用於臺灣實務工作場域。本研究以對偶分析概念，瞭解伴侶在藝術治療歷程中的溝通互動與影響，招募三對伴侶，年齡介於 20-35 歲之間。研究者擔任藝術治療師的角色，對三對伴侶進行 8 次藝術治療，每周 1 次，每次 1.5 小時，以及藝術治療結束後 1 周內半結構式訪談。訪談資料以現象學的取向，並由對偶分析法進行分析，了解伴侶於其中的互動、想法、感受，以及藝術治療介入後對溝通的影響。
本研究發現，伴侶藝術治療介入於成人未婚異性戀伴侶後，對其溝通的影響與改變有共
同經驗與獨特經驗。共同經驗有六項：透過藝術治療解決關係的溝通困境、透過創作欣賞對方、透過創作增進親密感、透過創作增進理解與被理解、藉由某一方的創作深入探討與改變伴侶溝通模式。
獨特經驗的部分有五項：從創作感受到對方的包容、從創作覺察到關係持續的意願、藉
由創作回顧並增進連結、透過創作降低討論的衝突、發展溫柔待人的模式。
本研究根據上述之研究結果進行討論，並針對伴侶藝術治療未來研究，以及藝術實務工
作等提出相關具體建議。

The research aims to explore the participant couple’s comunicational experience and feeling in art therapy. Realizing couple’s thinking and feeling in art therapy by the art therapy comunicational experience on the three unmarried heterosexuality couple looks forward to applying to Taiwan’s practical work field. The research use Dyadic Analysis to realizing three couples comunicational interaction and influence which is age between 20 to 35 when couples are in art therapy period. The researcher is art therapist to therapy the three couples for eight times which is once a week for one and half hours each times. It will have semi-structured interview within one and half weeks for the end of therapy treatment.
The research discovers that there are influence on communication with common experience and unique experience after couple art therapy involve in unmarried heterosexuality couple. Common experiences have six categories with solving communication dilemma by using art therapy, appreciating each other by creation, increasing intimacy by creation, increasing understanding and being understanding by creation, in-depth discusson by one of partner's creation and changing couple's communication mode.
Unique experiences have five categories with felling tolerance by creation, feeling the willing to continue by creation, reviewing and increasing connection by creation, reduceing the conflict in discussions by creation, developing the mode of benevolent.
The interview data is use phenomenological orientation with Dyadic Analysis to realize the couple’s interaction, thinking, feeling and the influence after art therapy.
The research’s discussion based on the above research result to focus on the future research of couple’s art therapy and making specific recommendation on art practical jobs.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 名詞釋義 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 親密關係理論及相關研究 5
第二節 伴侶諮商理論及相關研究 12
第三節 伴侶藝術治療之相關概念與研究 24
第三章 研究方法 33
第一節 研究取向 33
第二節 研究程序 35
第三節 研究品質 51
第四節 研究倫理 53
第四章 研究結果與討論 55
第一節 三對成人未婚異性戀伴侶之伴侶藝術治療溝通經驗 55
第二節 伴侶藝術治療介入對溝通的影響 139
第五章 結論與建議 147
第一節 研究結果與討論 147
第二節 研究建議 155
第三節 研究限制 157
參考文獻 158
附錄 165
附錄一 研究邀請函 165
附錄二 研究參與同意書 166
附錄三 藝術治療室 167
附錄四 半結構訪談大綱 168

一、中文部分
王俐婷（2016）。大學生知覺伴侶愛情維持行為、自我揭露與親密感之相關研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立彰化師範大學。
王秀絨（2016）。藝術治療理論與實務。洪葉文化。
王純娟（2019）。喪親哀傷現象學取向研究：研究者之態度、反思與意識轉換。輔導與諮商學報，41（1），21-54。https://doi: 10.7040/JGC
李怡真（2002）。愛情關係中的情緒表達衝突（未出版碩士論文）。國立台灣大學。
李怡真、林以正（2006）。愛情關係中的情緒表達衝突之縱貫研究。中華心理學刊，48，1，53-67。https://doi:10.6129/CJP.2006.4801.04
林孟勤（2013）。台灣青少年藝術治療歷程之實例分析：ETC觀點（未出版碩士論文）。臺北市立大學。
林美珣（2006）。諮商歷程中兩對兩性伴侶情感關係衝突協調之研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學。
孫頌賢、劉婷（2015）。深情相擁：情緒取向未婚伴侶心理教育團體。教育實踐與研究，28（2），213-242。https://doi: 10.6776/JEPR
鈕文英（2020）。質性研究方法與論文寫作（3版）。雙葉書廊。
張芬芬（2010）。質性資料分析的五步驟：在抽象階梯上爬升。初等教育學刊，35，87-120。https://doi:10.7036/JEE.201004.0087
張思嘉、李雅雯（2009）。擇偶歷程中影響關係發展的關鍵因素。中華輔導與諮商學報，25，179-212。https://doi:10.7082/CJGC.200903.0179
張思嘉、周玉慧（2004）、緣與婚前關係的發展。本土心理學研究，21，85-123。https://doi:10.6254/2004.21.85
張雅婷（2012）。伴侶共同尋求專業協助之決定與行動探究（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學。
陳秉華、李素芬、林美珣（2008）。諮商中伴侶關係的自我協調歷程。本土心理學研究，29，117-182。https://doi:10.6254/2008.29.117
黃乙白（2009）。雙重奏：愛情長跑親密關係經驗之敘說研究---對偶觀點（未出版碩士論文）。國立彰化師範大學。
楊雅婷（2010）。愛情關係中情緒表達衝突對愛情關係之影響研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立暨南國際大學。
葉光輝（2012）。青少年親子衝突歷程的建設性轉化：從研究觀點的轉換到理論架構的發展。高雄行為科學學刊，3，31-59。https://doi:10.29854/TJKBS.201205.0002
臺灣藝術治療學會（2015）。《藝療十年．療癒百年》臺灣藝術治療學會十周年專刊。臺灣藝術治療學會。
趙慈慧（2012）。成年男性親密關係議題之諮商經驗研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學。
霍玉蓮（2005）。婚姻與家庭治療 理論與實務藍圖。突破出版社。
穆佩芬（1996）。現象學研究法。護理研究，4（2），195-202。 https://doi: 10.7081/NR.199606.0195
蕭綱玉、葉光輝、吳志文（2018）。親密關係衝突中的建設性轉化歷程：行動者與伴侶相依模式之探討。中華心理衛生學刊，31（1），29-67。https://doi: 10.30074/FJMH
蕭韻文（2001）。婚前教育需求及其方案 ---以台中市為例---（未出版碩士論文）。國立嘉義大學。
蕭韻文（2017）。婚前教育需求調查研究 ---以台中市為例---。家庭教育與諮商學刊，20，57-86。doi: 10.6472/JFEC
鍾佳儒（2013）。受家人反對之親密關係發展初探-一對愛情長跑伴侶之敘說研究。（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺北護理健康大學。
Gladding, S. T.（2018）。創造性藝術治療（謝政廷、許智傑譯）。臺北市：學富。（原著出版於2011年）
Hinz, L. D.（2018）。表達性治療連續系統：運用藝術治療於治療中的理論架構（金傳珩譯）。洪葉。（原著出版於2009年）
Kerr, C., Hoshino, J., Sutherland, J., Parashak, S. T., McCarley, L. L.（2010）。家族藝術治療：理論與實踐的基礎。（吳婷盈譯）。五南。（原著出版年2007）
Malchiodi, C. A., Soon, M., Cohen-Liebman, M. S., Councill, T., Thayer, C., Gabriels, R. L., Gantt, L., Gil, E., Gladding, S. T., Hoshino, J., Kakuyama, T., Kaplan, F. F., Kim, D. Y., Klorer, P. G., Liebmann, M., Mills, A., Newsome, D. W., Phillips, J., Riley, S., Rozum, A. L., Safran, D. S., Silver, R. A., Spaniol, S., Steele, W., Steinhardt, L., Tabone, C., Tanaka, M., Urhausen, M. T., Vick, R. M., Wald, J., Waller, D., & Wilson, M.（2007）。藝術治療：心理專業者實務手冊（陸雅青、周怡君、林純如、張梅地、呂熙宗、沈亦錡、林冠伶、侯宜君、許玫倩、陳美伊、彭婉芳、葉玫、鍾珮琪譯）。學富。（原著出版於2003年）
Wheeler, G. & Backman, S.（2009）。親密花園-完形取向伴侶治療理論與實務（王環莉、張碧琴、張廣運、陳雅英、鄧光雯、謝曜任、龔寧馨譯）。心理。（原著出版於1997年）
 
二、英文部分
Barth, R. J., & Kinder B.N. (1985). The Use of Art Therapy in Marital and Sex Therapy. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 11(3), 192-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926238508405445
Bernecker, K., Ghassemi, M., & Brandstätter, V. (2018). Approach and avoidance relationship goals and couples’ nonverbal communication during conflict. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49(3), 622-636. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2379
Cameron, L. D. & Overall, N. C. (2018). Suppression and expression as distinct emotion-regulation processes in daily interactions: Longitudinal and meta-analyses. Emotion, 18, 465-480. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/emo0000334
Campbell, E. C. (2015). Technology, communication, and couples' intimacy: A study of technology use behavior and intimate relationships. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of North Carolina, Greensboro.
Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2015). Foundations of couples, marriage, and family counseling. John Wiley & Sons
Clark, M. S., Fitnessand, J., & Brissette, I. (2007). Understanding people's perceptions of relationships is crucial to understanding their emotional lives. In G. Fletcher, & M. Clark (Eds.), BlackWell handbook of social psychology: interpersonal processes (pp. 250-278). BlackWell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470998557
Crensha W, A. O., Leo, K. & Baucom, B. R. W. (2019). The effect of stress on empathic accuracy in romantic couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(3), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000508
Dreher, J., & Santos, H. (2017). Sociology and Phenomenology. Civitas, 17(3), 358-388. https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2017.3.29429
Gatfield, E.(2017) Augmenting Bowen family of origin work: Using the genogram and therapeutic art‐based activity. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 38(2), 272-282. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1216
Giorgi, B.(2011). A phenomenological analysis of the experience of pivotal moments in therapy as defined by clients. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 42(1), 61–106. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916211x567497
Halford, W.K., Markman, H. J., Kline, G. H., & Stanley S.M. (2003). Best practice in couple relationship education. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(3), 385-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01214.x
Hycner, R. H. (1985). Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data. Human Studies, 8, 279–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00142995.
Kane H. S., Richardson, T. X., Wiley, J. F., Dunkel S. C. & Robles, T. F. (2019）. The effects of interpersonal emotional expression, partner responsiveness, and emotional approach coping on stress responses. Emotion, 19(8), 1315-1328. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000686
Kerr, C., Hoshino, J., Sutherland, J., Parashak, S.T., & McCarley, L. L. (2008). Family art therapy: Foundations of theory and practice. Routledge
Knee, C. R., Lonsbary, C., Canevello, A. & Patrick, H. (2005). Self-determination and conflict in romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 997-1009. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.6.997
Lantz, J., & Alford, K. (1995). Art in existential psychotherapy with couples and families. Contemporary Family Therapy, 17(3), 331-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02252670
Lin, L. Y. (2015). Art therapy to improve communication skills for Chinese premarital couples. (Published No.1588754) [Master dissertation, Hofstra University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Malchiodi, C. A. (2011). Handbook of art therapy (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press
Martin, H. B.& Adams, C. B. L. (2018). Living on automatic: HoW emotional conditioning shapes our lives and relationships. Santa Barbara, Praeger
Metzl, E. (2020) Art therapy with couples: integrating art therapy practices with sex therapy and emotionally focused therapy, International Journal of Art Therapy, 25(3), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454832.2020.1774628
McCarthy, M. H., Wood, J. V., & Holmes, J. G. (2017). Dispositional pathWays to trust: Self-esteem and agreeableness interact to predict trust and negative emotional disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113, 95-116. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000093.
McNulty, J. K. (2010). When positive processes hurt relationships. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 167-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721410370298
Mongrain, M. & Vettese, L. C. (2003). Conflict over Emotional Expression: Implications for Interpersonal Communication. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(4), 545-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202250924
Overall, N. C., & McNulty, J. K. (2017). What type of communication during conflict is beneficial for intimate relationships? Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.03.002
Prager, K. J., Shirvani, F., Poucher, J., Cavallin, G., Truong, M., & Garcia, J. J. (2015). Recovery from conflict and revival of intimacy in cohabiting couples. Personal Relationships, 22(2), 308-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12082
Ricco, D. L. (2007). Evaluating the use of art therapy with couples in counseling: A qualitative and quantitative approach. (Published No.3263908) [Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University]. ProQuest ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Ricco, D. L. (2015). A treatment model for marital art therapy. The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy, (pp. 221-230). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118306543.ch22
Riley, S.(1991) Couples therapy/Art therapy: Strategic interventions and family of origin work. Art Therapy, 8(2), 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.1991.10758921
Riley, S. (1993). Illustrating the family story, a lens for vieWing family reality. The Artsin Psychotherapy, 20, 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4556(93)90020-3
Riley, S., & Malchiodi, C. A. (2004). Integrative approaches to family art therapy (2nd ed.). Magnolia Street Pub.
Ruan, Y., Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., Hirsch, J. L., & Bink, B. D. (2020). Can I tell you how I feel? Perceived partner responsiveness encourages emotional expression. Emotion, 20(3), 329-342. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000650
Simpson, J. A., Collins, W. A., Tran, S., & Haydon, K.C. (2006). Attachment and the experience and expression of emotions in romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 355-67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.355
Snir, S., & Hazut, T. (2012). Observing the relationship: Couple patterns reflected in joint paintings. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 39(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2011.10.001
Snir S., & Wiseman H. (2013). Relationship patterns of connectedness and individuality in couples as expressed in the couple joint draWing method. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 40(5), 501-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2013.07.005
Tambling, R. B., & Johnson, L. N. (2008). The relationship betWeen stages of change and outcome in couple therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 36, 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180701290941
Tambling, R. B., & Johnson, L. N. (2010). Client expectations about couple therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 38(4), 322-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2010.493465
Tambling, R. B., Wong, A. G., & Anderson, S. R. (2013). Expectations about couple therapy: A qualitative investigation. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42(1), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2012.747944
Thomas P. K. (2002). Intimacy or integrity: Philosophy and cultural difference. University of Hawaii Press.
Ursu, A. & Turliuc, M. N. (2018). Emotions within romantic relationships. A literature review. Revista de Psihologie, 64(3), 223-236.
Von Culin, K. R., Hirsch J. L. & Clark, M. S. (2017). Willingness to express emotion depends upon perceiving partner care. Cognition and Emotion, 32(3), 641-650. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1331906
Wachtel, E. E. (2016). The heart of couple therapy: Knowing what to do and how to do it. The Guilford Press
Wadeson, H. (1972). Conjoint marital art therapytechniques. Psychiatry, 35(1), 89-98. https://doi.org/0.1080/00332747.1972.11023701
Wen, Y. (2018). Natural law as subjective dimension & representative form. Open Journal of Philosophy, 8(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2018.81001
Wood, J. R., Milhausen, R. R. & Jeffrey, N. K. (2014). Why have sex? Reasons for having sex among lesbian, bisexual, queer, and questioning women in romantic relationships. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23(2), 75-88. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2592