本研究目的是探討兒童二級錯誤信念與約定俗成規則歸因之相關。90位5~7歲的受試者，分別來自新竹市兩所公立幼兒園、兩所私立幼兒園和一所公立小學。本研究將資料採用描述性統計、二因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關和階層迴歸進行統計分析。研究結果顯示，不同年齡在二級錯誤信念表現上呈現顯著的差異，7歲和6歲在二級錯誤信念表現上顯著優於5歲。在約定俗成規則歸因之任務，不同的年齡表現呈現顯著的差異，7歲顯著優於6歲和5歲、6歲顯著優於5歲。此外，兒童的語言能力顯著預測兒童的二級錯誤信念和約定俗成規則歸因的表現。兒童的二級錯誤信念和約定俗成規則歸因顯示具有相關，主要是因為兩項任務皆須運用大量的語言能力。運用階層迴歸分析，在排除年齡和語言的影響因素後，發現兒童的二級錯誤信念無法有效預測其約定俗成規則歸因的表現。

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the second-order false belief and the attribution of conventional rule in children. Ninety 5- to 7-year-olds were recruited from two public and two private kindergartens and one elementary school in Hsinchu. Results indicate that children’s performance on the second-order false belief, the 7- and 6-year-olds do better than the 5-year-olds. On the attribution of conventional rule tasks, the 7-year-olds perform better than the 6- and 5-year-olds, the 6-year-olds perform better than the 5-year-olds. Furthermore, children’s language ability significantly predicts their performance of the second-order false belief and the attribution of conventional rule. In conclusion, children’s performance of the second-order false belief fails to predict their performance of the attribution of conventional rule, after controlling the effects of age and language ability.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 6
第三節 名詞釋義 7
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 二級錯誤信念 9
第二節 約定俗成規則歸因 23
第三節 二級錯誤信念與約定俗成規則歸因的關聯 32
第三章 研究方法 37
第一節 研究對象 37
第二節 研究工具 38
第三節 研究程序 45
第四節 資料處理與分析 47
第四章 結果與討論 49
第一節 兒童二級錯誤信念之表現情形 49
第二節 兒童約定俗成規則歸因之表現情形 55
第三節 兒童語言能力對於二級錯誤信念和約定俗成規則歸因表現之預測 60
第四節 兒童二級錯誤信念與約定俗成規則歸因的相關情形 63
第五章 結論與建議 67
第一節 結論 67
第二節 研究限制 68
第三節 建議 69
參考文獻 71
附錄 80
附件一：二級錯誤信念任務─生日禮物 80
附件二：二級錯誤信念任務─機器人 81
附件三：二級錯誤信念任務─冰淇淋 82
附件四：約定俗成規則歸因任務─權威者(測驗一) 83
附件五：約定俗成規則歸因任務─權威者(測驗二) 84
附件六：約定俗成規則歸因任務─權威者(測驗三) 85
附件七：約定俗成規則歸因任務─權威者(測驗四) 86
附件八：約定俗成規則歸因任務─同儕(測驗一) 87
附件九：約定俗成規則歸因任務─同儕(測驗二) 88
附件十：約定俗成規則歸因任務─同儕(測驗三) 89
附件十一：約定俗成規則歸因任務─同儕(測驗四) 90
附件十二：二級錯誤信念─國小施測版本 91
附件十三：約定俗成規則歸因(權威者)─國小施測版本 99
附件十四：約定俗成規則歸因(同儕)─國小施測版本 107

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