本研究透過三種不同策略來降低雷達截面積，分別為孔狀複合材料、可捕捉雷達波之金屬片陣列及玻璃纖維-金屬網製備之多角度雷達波損失複合材料。三種策略之電磁波屏蔽效果是採用美國海軍實驗室所發展的NRL Arch Method進行分析與量測。
孔狀複合材料具有輕量化、成本低且製作簡單等優點，若材料自由電子達到一定頻率時，電磁波可在孔狀結構內進行多重散射達到更大的電磁波反射損耗(Reflection Loss, RL)。本實驗以PU泡綿及尼龍纖維不織布作為基材，利用浸塗和噴塗的方式將多壁奈米碳管與碳黑與PU結合製成孔狀複合材料，並探討試片厚度、碳濃度、奈米碳管官能基化、摻硼等方式改質，找出RL最佳的配方。
可捕捉雷達波之金屬片陣列是透過特殊結構設計來屏蔽電磁波，此結構可降低雷達截面積(Radar Cross Section, RCS)與提升RL，是一種具潛力且低成本的方式，藉由調整規則排列金屬片的角度及開口方向探討RL的變化。
多角度雷達波損失複合材料是透過玻璃纖維與金屬網結合所形成之三明治複合材料，透過不同網孔大小、奈米碳管的添加以及不同角度的樣品放置來探討電磁波RL的機制，且可以大幅增強複合材料的機械性質。

Three distinct strategies are developed to reduce radar reflection cross-section (RCS), including (i) multi-scattering by carbon-based porous composites, (ii) electromagnetic radiation trapping by arrays of metal strips arranged in different angles and (iii) multi-angles reflection loss (RL) by glass fibers/metal mesh made polymer composites. We analyze the electromagnetic wave shielding effectiveness of these materials using the arch method developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).
The (i) is made by coating or spraying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon blacks (CBs) onto porous polymers such as PU and nylon fibers and exhibits advantages such as lightweight, low cost, and facile fabrication. The (ii) gives a large RL and is a special design for structures that are constantly exposed to radiation. This approach shows potential and low cost, and we investigate variations in RL by adjusting angles and orientation of the metal strips. The (iii) is a sandwich composite and the RL mechanism is characterized through varying mesh pore sizes and addition of CNTs/CBs.

摘要i
Abstractii
致謝iii
目錄iv
圖目錄vii
表目錄xi
第一章 文獻回顧1
1.1 電磁波屏蔽材料種類1
1.1.1 介電損耗型材料1
1.1.2 磁損耗型材料3
1.1.3 電阻損耗型材料3
1.2 遠場與近場電磁波4
1.3 電磁波屏蔽理論4
1.3.1 反射損耗7
1.3.2 吸收損耗8
1.3.3 多重反射損耗8
1.3.4 干涉型損耗9
1.4 雷達反射截面積10
1.5 奈米碳管簡介13
1.5.1 奈米碳管結構13
1.5.2 奈米碳管電子結構15
1.5.3 奈米碳管介電性17
1.6 碳黑簡介18
1.7 玻璃纖維簡介19
1.8 紅外線搜尋追蹤系統20
1.9 複合材料的電磁波屏蔽21
第二章 研究動機22
第三章 實驗步驟與原理24
3.1 藥品與儀器24
3.1.1 藥品與耗材24
3.1.2 製程設備與量測儀器25
3.2 實驗流程圖26
3.2.1 孔狀複合材料26
3.2.1.1 PU泡綿26
3.2.1.2 尼龍纖維不織布27
3.2.2 玻璃纖維與金屬網複合材料28
3.3 實驗步驟29
3.3.1 孔狀複合材料之製備29
3.3.1.1 奈米碳管/碳黑/尼龍纖維不織布複合材料的製備29
3.3.1.2 奈米碳管/碳黑/改質碳管/PU泡綿複合材料的製備30
3.3.1.3 改質奈米碳管(官能基化)33
3.3.1.4 摻硼奈米碳管33
3.3.2 規則排列之金屬片矩陣製備33
3.3.3 玻璃纖維與金屬網複合材料之製備34
3.4 實驗量測與分析36
3.4.1 電磁波吸收性能量測36
3.4.2 四點探針量測39
3.4.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡42
3.4.4 紅外線熱影像儀42
第四章 結果與討論44
4.1 孔狀複合材料44
4.1.1 掃描式電子顯微鏡影像44
4.1.2 電性量測52
4.1.3 反射損耗量測54
4.1.3.1 PU泡綿之厚度與添加物濃度種類對反射損耗的影響55
4.1.3.2 改質奈米碳管對反射損失影響57
4.1.3.3 使用不同基材之尼龍纖維不織布對反射損失影響57
4.1.3.4 PU泡綿與尼龍纖維不織布之反射損耗比較58
4.1.4 遠紅外線屏蔽測試60
4.2 金屬片矩陣的電磁波屏蔽效應65
4.2.1 反射損耗量測67
4.3 玻璃纖維與金屬網複合材料69
4.3.1 反射損耗量測70
4.3.1.1 金屬網網孔尺寸與角度對反射損失之影響71
4.3.1.2 添加奈米碳管於玻璃纖維與金屬網複合材料對反射損失之影響75
第五章 結論78
參考文獻79

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