臺灣草鴞(Tyto longimembris pithecops)為臺灣地區的特有亞種，在臺灣鳥類紅皮書名錄中被列為瀕危物種（行政院農委會特生中心、林務局，2016），族群數量稀少，當前面臨的主要威脅為棲地破碎化與劣化、毒害與非刻意獵捕。2022草鴞保育行動計畫（林務局、特生中心，2022）為提高草鴞存活率與成功繁殖率提出數項保育策略與行動，本研究參照保育計畫中「重點繁殖及覓食棲地零損失」、「降低非刻意獵捕所致的傷亡」與「降低鼠藥及其他毒物中毒情形」三項保育策略行動，以選擇試驗法評估架構分析社會大眾對草鴞保育方案之偏好與選擇，並估算草鴞保育價值與草鴞棲地生態系統服務價值。研究結果顯示，以條件羅吉特模型（Conditional logit, CL）模型估算全體受訪者對草鴞保育方案各項屬性效用與偏好，發現大眾對三項保育策略下的六項保育行動皆具顯著偏好；邊際願付價格以保育方案「在草鴞棲地範圍內，推動三倍農田面積執行生態友善給付，不使用鼠藥、農藥和非友善防治網，維護整體環境與物種生態，預計草鴞個體數約可三倍成長。」（新台幣1437.86元/每人每年）為最高，其次依序為「針對農田周邊鳥網，以驅鳥球代替傳統鳥網，並在休耕期撤網，降低架網次數和時間，減少草鴞中網機率，並建立穩定巡護與有效救傷體系，及時發現掛網草鴞，降低草鴞傷亡個數，預計草鴞個體數約可兩倍成長。」（新台幣915.31元/每人每年）；「針對目前分散的棲地，以購地或租用草生地的方式擴大草鴞可用棲地面積，執行棲地經營管理，預計草鴞個體數約可三倍成長。」（新台幣871.09元/每人每年）；「針對機場周邊鳥網，以不易斷裂的粗繩取代細的尼龍繩，避免繩子斷裂纏繞或割傷鳥類，並建立穩定巡護與有效救傷體系，及時發現掛網草鴞，降低草鴞傷亡個數。預計草鴞個體數約可維持現況，短時間內至少不會明顯下降。」（新台幣662.03元/每人每年）；「在草鴞棲地範圍內，將農田滅鼠藥減少一半使用，設計合適用藥方式與替代方案，減少草鴞中毒情況，預計草鴞個體數約可兩倍成長。」（新台幣652.94元/每人每年）；「加強現有重點棲地保護，針對各棲地重要性和所面臨威脅，制定保育措施和方案，預計草鴞個體數約可兩倍成長。」（新台幣487.66元/每人每年），保育行動下草鴞預期成長倍數越多，受訪者的邊際願付價格越高。另以各項保育策略方案的邊際願付價格推估草鴞保育價值與草鴞棲地生態系統服務價值，價值區間約為新台幣1803元至3224元/每人每年。
本研究受訪者成員屬性離散，因此進一步以潛在類別模型 (latent class model, LCM)分群討論，發現「正向環境態度變數分數較高」、「負向環境態度變數分數較低」、「草鴞棲地生態系統服務功能變數分數較高」、「女性」、「年齡為39歲以下」等特質的受訪者更願意支持草鴞保育行動。綜合而言，大眾對草鴞保育策略方案的偏好排序為「降低鼠藥及其他毒物中毒情形」大於「降低非刻意獵捕所致的傷亡」大於「重點繁殖及覓食棲地零損失」，期望在未來草鴞保育方針研擬設計上能提供一些參考。

The Taiwanese Grass Owl (Tyto longimembris pithecops) is a unique subspecies in Taiwan, listed as an endangered species in the Red List of Birds of Taiwan (Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Endemic Species Research Institute & Forestry Bureau, 2016). With a scarce population, its primary threats include habitat fragmentation and degradation, poisoning, and unintentional hunting. The 2022 Grass Owl Conservation Action Plan (Forestry Bureau, Endemic Species Research Institute, 2022) proposed several conservation strategies and actions to enhance the survival and breeding success of the Grass Owl. This study, referencing the conservation plan, utilized the Choice Experiment method to assess the preferences and choices of the general public regarding Grass Owl conservation schemes. It also estimated the conservation value of the Grass Owl and the ecosystem services value of Grass Owl habitats. The results, analyzed using the Conditional Logit (CL) model, indicated significant preferences for all six conservation actions under the three conservation strategies. The highest willingness-to-pay price was associated with the conservation action of expanding eco-friendly payments within Grass Owl habitats, with an estimated increase in the Grass Owl population by threefold (NTD$1437.86 per person per year). Preferences and willingness-to-pay prices varied for different conservation actions, reflecting different expected population growth rates of the Grass Owl. Moreover, using the Marginal Willingness-to-Pay prices, the conservation value of the Grass Owl and the ecosystem services value of Grass Owl habitats were estimated to range from NTD$1803 to NTD$3224 per person per year.

This study employs a discrete attribute hierarchy, thus further delving into cluster analysis through latent class modeling (LCM). It reveals that respondents characterized by higher scores in positive environmental attitudes, lower scores in negative environmental attitudes, higher scores in grass owl habitat ecosystem service function variables, being female, and aged below 39 are more inclined to support grass owl conservation efforts. Overall, the public preference ranking for grass owl conservation strategies is as follows: prioritizing the reduction of rodenticide and other poisoning incidents is greater than reducing unintentional hunting-related mortality, which is greater than minimizing habitat loss for breeding and foraging. It is hoped that these findings will provide some insights for future formulation and design of grass owl conservation policies.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 國內草鴞生態現況與保育方案 6
第二節 生態系統服務之發展與內容 10
第三節 草鴞保育行動方案與生態系統服務 16
第四節 生態系統服務價值評估方法與研究 19
第三章 研究方法 22
第一節、敘述性偏好評估方法 22
第二節、選擇試驗法理論基礎與模型 22
第三節、選擇試驗法操作流程與步驟 26
第四章 問卷調查與抽樣設計 32
第一節、問卷編制程序 32
第二節、問卷內容設計 32
第三節、抽樣對象與抽樣設計 38
第五章 變數定義與屬性編碼 39
第一節、生態環境與草鴞保育態度 39
第二節、草鴞與棲地認知 41
第三節、草鴞棲地生態系統服務功能認知與態度 41
第四節、草鴞保育方案偏好屬性層級定義與編碼 43
第五節、受訪者個人社會經濟背景資料 45
第六章 實證模型分析 46
第一節、受訪者社會經濟背景分析 46
第二節、生態環境與草鴞保育態度 50
第三節、草鴞與棲地認知 52
第四節、草鴞棲地生態系統服務功能認知與態度 53
第七章 草鴞保育方案偏好與願付價格效益評估 55
第一節 草鴞保育方案偏好分析 55
第二節 全體受訪者對草鴞保育方案願付價格估計 59
第三節 潛在類別模型分析 63
第四節 分群受訪者對草鴞保育方案願付價格估計 67
第八章 結論與建議 69
第一節 結論 69
第二節 建議 72
參考文獻 73
附錄一 草鴞保育價值評估正式問卷 82
附錄二 受訪者社會經濟背景敘述性統計分析 101

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