這項研究探討了使用聊天機器人輔助的自言自語方法在心理健康背景下增強自我意識和情緒管理的潛力。 研究表明，很大一部分心理健康疾病是在 24 歲之前被診斷出來的，其中抑鬱和焦慮在大學生中很常見。 然而，尋求專業幫助可能會受到財務和時間限制的阻礙，而且個人往往難以準確理解和描述自己的情緒。

為了應對這些挑戰，本研究建議利用聊天機器人來識別情緒並引導個人進行自言自語。 通過自言自語，用戶可以更深入地了解自己的負面情緒，增強自我意識。 該研究還探討了聊天機器人作為諮詢師的寶貴工具的潛力，提供情境信息以更好地理解客戶的案例。

實驗透過定性訪談，以評估聊天機器人對用戶自我意識和情緒管理的影響。 研究結果將收集實驗組的反饋並與對照組進行比較，隨後與諮商師的訪談將評估參與者對自我意識和情緒掌控的評估。 研究結果旨在促進對個人心理健康的科學理解，並為自我理解和情緒管理提供實用工具。

This study explores the potential of using a chatbot-assisted self-talk approach to enhance self-awareness and emotional management in the context of mental health. Research indicates that a significant percentage of mental illnesses are diagnosed before the age of 24, with depression and anxiety being common among college students. However, seeking professional help can be hindered by financial and time constraints, and individuals often struggle to accurately understand and describe their emotions.

To address these challenges, the study proposes leveraging a chatbot that recognizes emotions and guides individuals through self-talk. By engaging in self-talk, users can gain a deeper understanding of their negative emotions and enhance their self-awareness. The study also examines the chatbot's potential as a valuable tool for counselors, providing contextualized information to better comprehend clients' cases.

Qualitative interviews will be conducted to assess the impact of the chatbot on users' self-awareness and emotional management. User feedback will be collected and compared with a control group, and follow-up interviews with counselors will evaluate their assessments of users' self-awareness and emotional mastery. The findings aim to contribute to the scientific understanding of individual mental health and provide practical tools for self-understanding and emotional management.

摘要----------------------------------------------------I
Abstract-----------------------------------------------II
Acknowledgements---------------------------------------III
List of Figures----------------------------------------IV
Table of Content---------------------------------------V
Chapter 1 Introduction---------------------------------1
Chapter 2 Literature Review----------------------------4
2.1 Benefits of self-awareness-------------------------5
2.1.1 Definition---------------------------------------5
2.1.2 Measurement--------------------------------------5
2.1.3 Functions & Effects------------------------------6
2.2 Link between Inner Speech and Self-Awareness-------7
2.2.1 Theoretical background---------------------------7
2.2.2 Inner speech and the social environment----------5
2.2.3 Inner speech and the physical environment--------8
2.2.4 Other underlying mechanisms----------------------8
2.3 Applications on Mental Health----------------------10
Chapter 3 Methodology----------------------------------13
3.1 Pilot study----------------------------------------14
3.1.1 Negative emotion choosing------------------------14
3.1.2 Persona of the chatbot---------------------------15
3.2 Experiment Design and Method-----------------------15
3.2.1 Experiment design--------------------------------15
3.2.1 Chatbot prototype--------------------------------17
3.3 Participants---------------------------------------21
3.4 Data Collection and Analysis-----------------------22
3.4.1 Interview----------------------------------------23
3.4.2 Thematic analysis--------------------------------24
Chapter 4 Result---------------------------------------26
4.1 The Effectiveness of Self-Talk---------------------26
4.1.1 Help with thinking clearly-----------------------26
4.1.2 Help with relieving emotion----------------------27
4.2 The Effectiveness of Self-Talk with Chatbot--------27
4.2.1 Dialog flow is helpful in sorting out emotions and thinking outside the box----------------------------------------27
4.2.2 Help the user build their ability to be self-aware---28
4.2.3 Help people who do not have a habit of writing or have difficulty expressing themselves----------------------------------29
4.3 The Effectiveness of Chatbots in communication with Couselor -------------------------------------------------------30
4.3.1 More information and feelings to share with the counselor in the consulting process-------------------------------------30
4.3.2 Helpful for understanding clients----------------31
4.3.3 Quickly grasp the topics that the client wants to discuss or needs to deal with-------------------------------------------32
Chapter 5 Discussion-----------------------------------34
5.1 The difference between a Counselor and the Chatbot-34
5.1.1 Negative perceptions of the chatbot--------------34
5.1.2 Positive perceptions of the chatbot--------------35
5.1.3 Negative perceptions of a counselor--------------36
5.1.4 Positive perceptions of a counselor--------------38
Chapter 6 Limitation & Design implication--------------40
6.1 Limitations----------------------------------------40
5.1 Design implications--------------------------------41
Chapter 7 Conclusion-----------------------------------44
Reference----------------------------------------------45

Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological bulletin, 141(5), 931.
Ali, M. R., Razavi, Z., Mamun, A. A., Langevin, R., Kane, B., Rawassizadeh, R., Schubert, L., & Hoque, M. E. (2018). A virtual conversational agent for teens with autism: experimental results and design lessons. arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.03046.
Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological science in the public interest, 4(1), 1-44.
Benke, I., Knierim, M. T., & Maedche, A. (2020). Chatbot-based emotion management for distributed teams: A participatory design study. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW2), 1-30.
Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., & Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional intelligence: Implications for personal, social, academic, and workplace success. Social and personality psychology compass, 5(1), 88-103.
Brandtzaeg, P. B., & Følstad, A. (2017). Why people use chatbots. Internet Science: 4th International Conference, INSCI 2017, Thessaloniki, Greece, November 22-24, 2017, Proceedings 4,
Bruininks, P., & Malle, B. F. (2005). Distinguishing hope from optimism and related affective states. Motivation and emotion, 29, 324-352.
Collins, N. L., & Miller, L. C. (1994). Self-disclosure and liking: a meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 116(3), 457.
Dolcos, S., & Albarracin, D. (2014). The inner speech of behavioral regulation: Intentions and task performance strengthen when you talk to yourself as a You. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(6), 636-642.
Duval, S., & Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self awareness.
Eichstaedt, J., & Silvia, P. J. (2003). Noticing the self: Implicit assessment of self-focused attention using word recognition latencies. Social cognition, 21(5), 349-361.
Eurich, T. (2018). What self-awareness really is (and how to cultivate it). Harvard Business Review, 1-9.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975). Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 43(4), 522.
Fitzpatrick, K. K., Darcy, A., & Vierhile, M. (2017). Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (Woebot): a randomized controlled trial. JMIR mental health, 4(2), e7785.
Fulmer, R., Joerin, A., Gentile, B., Lakerink, L., & Rauws, M. (2018). Using psychological artificial intelligence (Tess) to relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety: randomized controlled trial. JMIR mental health, 5(4), e9782.
Gallagher, H. L., & Frith, C. D. (2003). Functional imaging of ‘theory of mind’. Trends in cognitive sciences, 7(2), 77-83.
Gallagher, S., & Shear, J. (1999). Models of the Self (Vol. 5). Imprint Academic.
Gibbons, F. X. (1978). Sexual standards and reactions to pornography: Enhancing behavioral consistency through self-focused attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(9), 976.
Gibbons, F. X. (1983). Self‐attention and self‐report: The “veridicality” hypothesis. Journal of Personality, 51(3), 517-542.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348.
Ha, J. F., & Longnecker, N. (2010). Doctor-patient communication: a review. Ochsner Journal, 10(1), 38-43.
Harris, K. R. (1990). Developing self-regulated learners: The role of private speech and self-instructions. Educational psychologist, 25(1), 35-49.
Huang, Y., Tang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2015). Emotion map: A location-based mobile social system for improving emotion awareness and regulation. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing,
Inkster, B., Kadaba, M., & Subramanian, V. (2023). Understanding the impact of an AI-enabled conversational agent mobile app on users’ mental health and wellbeing with a self-reported maternal event: a mixed method real-world data mHealth study. Frontiers in Global Women's Health, 4, 1084302.
Inkster, B., Sarda, S., & Subramanian, V. (2018). An empathy-driven, conversational artificial intelligence agent (Wysa) for digital mental well-being: real-world data evaluation mixed-methods study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(11), e12106.
Kendall, P. C., & Hollon, S. D. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral interventions: Theory, research, and procedures (Vol. 21). Academic Press.
Kinzie, I., & Robert, A. (1973). Coral Reef project—papers in memory of Dr. Thomas F. Goreau. 5. The zonation of West Indian gorgonians. Bulletin of Marine Science, 23(1), 93-155.
Legrain, L., Cleeremans, A., & Destrebecqz, A. (2011). Distinguishing three levels in explicit self-awareness. Consciousness and cognition, 20(3), 578-585.
Morin, A. (1993). Self-talk and self-awareness: On the nature of the relation. The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 223-234.
Morin, A. (1995). Characteristics of an effective internal dialogue in the acquisition of self-information. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 15(1), 45-58.
Morin, A. (2005). Possible links between self-awareness and inner speech theoretical background, underlying mechanisms, and empirical evidence. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 12(4-5), 115-134.
Morin, A. (2006). Levels of consciousness and self-awareness: A comparison and integration of various neurocognitive views. Consciousness and cognition, 15(2), 358-371.
Morin, A., & Everett, J. (1990). Inner speech as a mediator of self-awareness, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge: An hypothesis. New ideas in psychology, 8(3), 337-356.
Pinto, M. D., Greenblatt, A. M., Hickman, R. L., Rice, H. M., Thomas, T. L., & Clochesy, J. M. (2016). Assessing the Critical Parameters of eSMART-MH: A Promising Avatar-Based Digital Therapeutic Intervention to Reduce Depressive Symptoms. Perspectives in psychiatric care, 52(3).
Rimé, B. (2009). Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review. Emotion review, 1(1), 60-85.
Robinson, M. D., & Clore, G. L. (2002). Belief and feeling: evidence for an accessibility model of emotional self-report. Psychological bulletin, 128(6), 934.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). The Self‐Consciousness Scale: A revised version for use with general populations 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(8), 687-699.
Schroeder, J., Wilkes, C., Rowan, K., Toledo, A., Paradiso, A., Czerwinski, M., Mark, G., & Linehan, M. M. (2018). Pocket skills: A conversational mobile web app to support dialectical behavioral therapy. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,
Silvia, P. J., & Eichstaedt, J. (2004). A self-novelty manipulation of self-focused attention for Internet and laboratory experiments. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(2), 325-330.
Sweeney, C., Potts, C., Ennis, E., Bond, R., Mulvenna, M. D., O’neill, S., Malcolm, M., Kuosmanen, L., Kostenius, C., & Vakaloudis, A. (2021). Can chatbots help support a person’s mental health? Perceptions and views from mental healthcare professionals and experts. ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare, 2(3), 1-15.
Turner, R. G., Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Ickes, W. (1978). Correlates of self-consciousness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42(3), 285-289.
Zelazo, P. D. (2004). The development of conscious control in childhood. Trends in cognitive sciences, 8(1), 12-17.
(N.d.).https://www.zeczec.com/projects/inblooom_therapycards
-