Household solid waste management is one of the salient environmental issues in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. As Indonesia’s second most populated city, Surabaya produced not less than 811,000 tons of waste in 2020 alone. The respective waste comprises 54.31% organic waste, 19.44% plastic, and 14.63% paper; the rest are other waste types. The city government has employed several programs to tackle this issue, such as Surabaya Smart City (SSC) competition that encourages responsible waste management from households and establishing waste banks in each neighborhood association (RT). Surabaya has one main waste bank and 346 units of waste banks in active operations to aid the city’s waste management effort. Other than waste banks, many informal actors also participate in the waste management process.

The waste banks are currently accepting more than 50 types of non-organic waste. During the same period, Surabaya only managed to recycle around 2,946 tons of waste, while the rest were transported to landfills. With organic waste mainly transported directly to landfills along with other debris, this creates an environmental risk from pollution and emissions. Therefore, this research was conducted to explore and construct an operating model to manage organic waste better by integrating them into a waste bank. This study concentrated on the flow of waste from households to waste banks. Several issues were identified in the current waste management operating model and households’ participation in waste banks – lack of awareness, uncertain unit waste bank schedule, limited resources, lower-than-expected household revenue, and other technical issues and hardship in managing organic waste.

Afterward, this study develops an integrated model where waste banks work directly with households by coordinating with each hamlet coordinator and processing waste directly after collection. This newly devised model aims to tackle household waste management and participation by reflecting on the identified issues and presenting the model to related stakeholders through in-depth interviews. The results of this study suggested that households are positive with the devised model. Unit waste banks are positive since they can focus more on educating and supervising households in their segregation process. Moreover, local government representatives and experts interviewed are optimistic about the devised model since it focuses on households as waste producers and helps bring economic value to households from their waste.

ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................3
TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................4
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................6
LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................8
1.1 Research Background ........................................................................................8
1.2 Research Objective ..........................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................12
2.1. Solid Waste Management.................................................................................12
2.2. Organic Waste Management ............................................................................12
2.2.1. Vermicomposting .....................................................................................13
2.2.2. Black Soldier Fly Composting.................................................................14
2.3. Waste Bank ......................................................................................................15
2.4. Waste Bank Regulation in Indonesia ...............................................................16
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................18
3.1 Research Method .............................................................................................18
3.2 Research Framework .......................................................................................18
3.3 Research Object Case ......................................................................................20
3.4 Data Collection Method...................................................................................22
3.4.1 Data Sources ............................................................................................22
3.4.2 Interview Guide and Protocol ..................................................................22
3.5 Data Analysis Process......................................................................................23
CHAPTER 4: CURRENT STATE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT..................................26
4.1 Household Level ..............................................................................................26
4.2 Waste Bank Level ............................................................................................29
4.2.1 Unit Waste Bank ......................................................................................29
4.2.2 Main Waste Bank .....................................................................................31
4.3 Challenges........................................................................................................34
4.3.1 Lack of Awareness ...................................................................................34
4.3.2 Uncertain Waste Bank’s Schedule ...........................................................34
4.3.3 Technical Issue.........................................................................................35
4.3.4 Constraints in Waste Bank’s Resources ...................................................36
4.3.5 Lower Than Expected Revenue for Households .....................................36
4.3.6 Difficulties in Organic Waste Handling...................................................37
CHAPTER 5: DEVISING INTEGRATED OPERATING MODEL ...............................40
CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................45
6.1 Households.......................................................................................................45
6.2 Waste Banks.....................................................................................................47
6.3 Expert...............................................................................................................53
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION ............................................................................................55
7.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................55
7.2 Academic Contribution....................................................................................58
7.3 Research Limitation, Potential Bias, and Directions for Future Research ......59
7.4 Study Benefits & Next Steps ...........................................................................60
REFERNCE ...........................................................................................................................62

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