本實驗為馬赫詹德干涉儀(Mach-Zehnder Interferometer，MZI)搭配自製窄線寬雷射為光源之分布式入侵感測系統，透過對於入侵感測系統做出三種入侵行為，分別為環境干擾、輕拍及重拍。從入侵感測系統取得不同事件的一維時域訊號波形，透過設立重拍之閾值將事件做分類，其閾值Signal Amplitude為2，Level Crossing為12，Frequency Ratio為0.15，並透過一維時域訊號波形轉換為二維循環圖(Recurrence Plot)之訊號預處理，讓不同事件的時域訊號波形具有明顯的差異性。
將不同事件遞歸圖形做事件標記，丟入卷積神經網絡(Convolutional Neural Network，CNN)中進行訓練及更新參數並改良測試模型以提升模型的事件判別準確率，經過數個模型去做比較改良，實驗後最終模型的準確率達到86.66 %。一張圖取樣時間為10 ms，每100張為一組的1 s數據組，透過判別數據組中成分比例來判別數據組為何種事件以及檢測模型準確性，在模型最後設立成分比例閾值後來進行數據組的判別，經過實驗後模型在數據組上具有不錯的判別表現，環境干擾、輕拍與重拍的數據組準確率都有達到九成以上。

This experiment involves a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) integrated with a self-made narrow linewidth laser as the light source for a distributed intrusion detection system. Three types of signals disturbance arising from different behaviors, namely environment signal, tap signal, and knock signal, are generated for study in the intrusion detection system. One-dimensional time-domain signal waveforms are obtained from the intrusion detection system for different events. A threshold of knocking to classify the event for intrusion is set with Signal Amplitude at 2, Level Crossing at 12, and Frequency Ratio at 0.15. The preprocessing step is performed to transform the time-domain signal waveforms into two-dimensional recurrence plots, enhancing the distinguishability between different event signals.
Different events are labeled based on the recurrence plots and fed into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for training and parameter updating. The CNN model is continuously improved to enhance the accuracy of identifying events. After comparing and refining several models through experiments, the final model achieves an accuracy of 86.66%. Each image has a sampling time of 10 ms, and a data set consists of 100 images taken within a 1 s time frame. The classification of data sets into different types of events and the evaluation of model accuracy are based on the proportions of different event components. After setting criterion for each type of event at the end of the model, the data sets are classified in the experiment. The model shows good performance in data set classification, with accuracy exceeding 90% for identifying environment disturbance, tapping, and knocking data sets.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目標 3
1.3 文獻回顧－光纖入侵感測系統 4
1.3.1 相位敏感光時域反射儀(Ф-OTDR)[15] 4
1.3.2 薩格納克干涉儀(Sagnac Interferometer，SI)[16] 5
1.3.3 非對稱雙馬赫詹德干涉儀(Asymmetric Dual Mach-Zehnder Interferometer)[17] 7
1.4 文獻回顧－機器學習用於入侵感測系統 11
1.4.1 放射狀基底函數網絡(Radial Basis Function network)[18] 11
1.4.2 格拉姆角場(Gramian Angular Field，GAF)搭配卷積神經網絡(Convolutional Neural Network，CNN)[19] 15
第二章 實驗原理與架構 20
2.1 自製光纖雷射光源 20
2.2 馬赫詹德干涉儀入侵感測系統架構 28
2.3 時域訊號轉換二維遞歸圖形(Recurrence Plot)[20] 33
2.4 判別入侵事件機器學習架構—卷積神經網絡 36
2.4.1 卷積層(Convolution Layers) 36
2.4.2 激活層(Activation Layers) 38
2.4.3 池化層(Pooling Layers) 40
2.4.4 展平層(Flatten Layer) 41
2.4.5 全連接層(Fully Connected Layers) 42
第三章 實驗結果與分析 45
3.1 時域訊號預處理與分析 45
3.2 判斷事件相關參數與閾值 51
3.2.1 Frequency Ratio(FR) 51
3.2.2 Level Crossing (LC) 52
3.2.3 Signal Amplitude(SA) 53
3.3 CNN模型設計與分析比較 54
第四章 結論與未來展望 71
4.1 結論 71
4.2 未來展望 72
參考文獻 73

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