隨著近年來雲端計算和社交網路的快速發展，摩爾定律已逐漸被淘汰，更大的頻寬成了下一世代的需求，作為解決方法之一的積體光路 (Photonic Integrated Circuits)，不但很好的解決了上述問題，因其製程流程大體沿襲現今成熟的積體電路，故還擁有一個相對有利的開發環境，讓我們更好地看見此產業的成長潛力。
在產業發展初期，系統的開發週期往往較漫長，光路架構的試錯成本也較高，因此「可編程積體光路」這一想法開始誕生，概念如同 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) ，達到藉由程式控制，重新決定光走向之目的。本實驗採用的光路單元為 2×2 馬赫-詹德干涉儀 (Mach-Zehnder Interferometers) ，其作為輸入光的轉換單位，利用自身的相位偏移器 (Phase shifters) 完成路徑的選擇。然而，在進行 MZI 網路的編程前，我們必須先校正因製程所造成的相位差，這裡展示了一種僅利用網路輸出端資訊，從而校正內部所有 MZI 的矩形網路 (Rectangular network) 演算法；基於此演算法下，本程式在編程模式提供了一項自動補償MZI全域相位 (Global phase) 變化量的功能，最大程度地提升編程時的直觀性，達到使用者友善的操作環境。最後設計幾種特定情況進行實驗，驗證此系統的可行性。

With the rapid development of cloud computing and social networks in recent years, Moore's Law has gradually been phased out, and larger bandwidth has become a need for the next generation. As one of the solutions, Photonic Integrated Circuits not only has solved the above problems very well, it but also has a relatively favorable development environment due to its manufacturing process generally follows today's mature integrated circuits. Allowing us to better see the growth potential of this industry.
In the early stages of industry development, the system development cycle was often long, and the cost of trial and error of the optical circuit architecture was also high. Therefore, the idea of "programmable photonic integrated circuit" began to be born. The concept is similar to FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Achieve the purpose that control the direction of light by the program. The optical path unit used in this experiment is 2×2 Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZI), which serve as the conversion unit of the input light and use their own phase shifters to complete path selection. However, before programming the MZI network, we must first correct the phase errors caused by the manufacturing process. Here is a ‘Rectangular network algorithm’ that only uses the network output information to correct all internal MZIs. Based on this algorithm, this program provides a function to automatically compensate for the variation of the global phase of MZI in programming mode. Maximizing the intuitiveness of programming and achieving a user-friendly operating environment. Finally, several specific situations were designed to conduct experiments to verify the feasibility of this system.

摘要 1
Abstract 2
致謝 3
目錄 4
圖目錄 6
第一章 緒論 8
1.1可編程積體光路之介紹 8
1.2研究動機 15
1.3論文架構 16
第二章 可編程積體光路 (矩形架構) 17
2.1 馬赫-詹德干涉器 (MZI) 17
2.2 矩形架構原理 20
第三章 相位校正演算法 30
3.1 ∆θ 校正原理 30
3.2 ∆∅ 校正原理 34
3.3 全域相位 (Global phase) 的補償 38
第四章 元件封裝與實驗架設 41
4.1 光纖陣列與光晶片封裝 41
4.2 光晶片量測架設 46
第五章 實驗量測與分析 49
5.1 校正流程 49
5.1.1 控制介面 49
5.1.2 Δθ 校正 51
5.1.3 耦合效率檢測 56
5.1.4 ∆∅ 校正 61
5.2 路徑編程演示 62
5.2.1 編程功能驗證 62
5.2.2 編程範例 68
5.3 相位誤差分析 72
第六章 結論與未來展望 75
6.1 結論 75
6.2 未來展望 76
第七章 參考文獻 79

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