近年5G行動通訊網路快速發展，讓數據傳輸量的需求也快速成長，雖然毫米波(Millimeter Wave, MMW)波段為頻譜資源相對充裕的波段，但以需求量的增長速度來看，有限的頻譜資源也會在不久後逐漸滿載，在這樣的狀況下，相較傳統的正交多重存取，非正交多重存取(NOMA)技術能提供更高的頻譜效益，因此非正交多重存取被認為是一個具有前景的技術。
　　本篇論文將空頻編碼索引調變(Space-Frequency Coded Index Modulation, SFC-IM)整合NOMA，既改善了傳統OFDM-IM為建立索引值需要關閉子載波，犧牲部分頻譜效率的缺點，也因加入多輸入多輸出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)技術，增加數據的傳輸量，並藉由增加傳輸訊號的多樣性(Diversity)，來幫助接收端解調訊號，降低錯誤率。
　　在NOMA的下行系統中，會以用戶的距離來進行功率比的配置，距離較遠的用戶會配給較大的功率比，距離較近的用戶則配給較小的功率比。本篇論文分為遠、中、近三個用戶，並針對功率比優化的部分進行模擬及探討，發現在疊加多個用戶時，使用越複雜的調變方式做疊加，就會需要越大功率比來維持錯誤率，此時以SFC-IM疊加時的最佳功率比為3:1，來彌補所需功率比變大的部分，使其能在疊加後能以傳統相同的功率比維持錯誤率，並增加1.25倍的頻譜效益。
 

In recent years, the rapid development of 5G mobile communication networks has led to a quick growth in the demand for data transmission. Although the millimeter-wave (MMW) band is a spectrum resource relatively abundant, considering the speed of demand growth, the limited spectrum resources are expected to become gradually overloaded in the near future. In such a scenario, compared to traditional orthogonal multiple access, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) technology can provide higher spectrum efficiency, making it a promising technique.
This paper integrates Space-Frequency Coded Index Modulation (SFC-IM) with NOMA. Improve the drawbacks of traditional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) where closing subcarriers are needed to establish index values, sacrificing some spectrum efficiency. Additionally, by incorporating Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology, the data transmission capacity is increased. The increased diversity in transmission signals aids the receiver in demodulating signals, thereby reducing error rates.
In the downlink system of NOMA, power ratio configuration is based on user distances, where users farther away are allocated a larger power ratio, and users closer are assigned a smaller power ratio. This paper divides users into three categories: far, medium, and near, conducting simulations and discussions on power ratio optimization. The findings indicate that when overlaying multiple users, using more complex modulation methods for overlaying requires larger power ratios to maintain error rates. In the case of SFC-IM overlay, the optimal power ratio is found to be 3:1, compensating for the increased power ratio required. This allows it to maintain error rates at the same level as traditional methods after overlaying and increase spectrum efficiency by 1.25 times.

摘要 ii
Abstract iii
致謝 iv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的與動機 4
1.3 論文架構 5
第二章 訊號系統介紹與原理 6
2.1 正交分頻多工 6
2.2 非正交多重存取 9
2.2.1 連續干擾消除 12
第三章 空頻編碼索引調變 14
3.1 OFDM-IM技術(OFDM with index modulation) 14
3.2 SFC-IM訊號產生與接收 16
3.3 Linear-Complexity ML 接收器 19
3.4 SFC-IM 角度參數的優化 24
3.5 頻譜使用效益 25
第四章 整合空頻編碼索引調變與空頻區塊編碼 27
4.1 SFBC編碼 27
4.2 SFC-IM與SFBC的NOMA 30
4.3 以SFBC、SFC-IM疊加三個用戶的NOMA 33
4.3.1 FU:SFBC, MU:SFBC, NU:SFBC 36
4.3.2 FU:SFBC, MU:SFBC, NU:SFC-IM 43
4.3.3 FU:SFBC, MU:SFC-IM, NU:SFC-IM 50
4.3.4 FU:SFC-IM, MU:SFC-IM, NU:SFC-IM 57
第五章 模擬結果 64
5.1 模擬結果 64
5.1.1 FU:SFBC, MU:SFBC, NU:SFBC 64
5.1.2 FU:SFBC, MU:SFBC, NU:SFC-IM 66
5.1.3 FU:SFBC, MU:SFC-IM, NU:SFC-IM 67
5.1.4 FU:SFC-IM, MU:SFC-IM, NU:SFC-IM 69
5.2 四個方案的模擬結果比較 70
第六章 結論 73
參考文獻 74

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