本論文旨在開發一同步磁阻發電機為主之微電網，發電機由永磁同步馬達驅動系統建構之風渦輪模擬器驅動。首先，建構標準永磁同步馬達驅動系統，由妥適設計之電力電路、感測機構、PWM 機構、電流及速度控制機構，獲得良好之驅控特性，用以建構渦輪模擬器，其可操作於速度及轉矩模式。於速度模式，其用為一般之定速渦輪模擬器；而於轉矩模式，可為忠實之風渦輪模擬器，產生忠實之轉矩-速度及功率-速度曲線，由模擬與實測結果證實之。同時，開發高頻注入無位置感測永磁同步馬達驅動系統，具婢美於標準驅動系統之操控性能，而能用以取代之。
接著，研製一實驗用同步磁阻發電機，藉由處理下列有關事務，獲得良好發電特性 (i) 同步磁阻發電機之主要參數估測，最關鍵之鐵損電阻、d-軸電感及q-軸電感均以逼近曲線表之，並用以從事操控；(ii) 構設外加激磁電壓源；(iii) 設計電流控制空間向量脈寬調制機構； (iv) 換相移位機制，使用逼近之發電機主要參數達成總損失之最小化；(v) 實測驗證所建同步磁阻發電機之良好發電性能。同時，應用擾動觀察法施行風渦輪機驅動同步磁阻發電機之最大功率點追控。
最後，建構同步磁阻發電機為主之微電網，其共同直流鏈電壓，由發電機後接之切換式整流器建立。蓄電池利用一妥善設計及控制之單臂雙向升-降直流對直流轉換器介接至共同直流鏈，由實測展示其正常之雙向操控。電網至微電網及微電網至電網之雙向操控藉由所建之三相變頻器為之，於電網至微電網模式，變頻器成為三相切換式整流器，電網對微電網提供能源支撐。而於微電網至電網模式，預設之實功及虛功可回送至電網。另外，本論文亦從事電動車對微電網操作，電動車電池可供能至微電網。

This thesis aims to develop a wind synchronous reluctance generator (SynRG) based DC microgrid. The generator is driven by wind turbine emulator (WTE) constructed by an inverter-fed permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, a standard PMSM drive is established. Good driving characteristics are obtained via properly designed power
circuit, sensing schemes, PWM scheme, current and speed control schemes. Then the developed standard PMSM drive is used to construct the turbine emulator, which can be operated in speed mode or torque mode. In speed mode, it can be used as a conventional fixed-speed turbine emulator. Let the PMSM drive be operated under torque mode, a faithful WTE is formed. The faithful torque-speed and power-speed curves are generated and verified through simulations and experiments. Additionally, a high-frequency injected (HFI) sensorless PMSM drive is developed. It possesses the comparable performances and can be used to replace the standard drive.
Next, a wind SynRG is designed and implemented. Good generating characteristics are obtained through the following key issues: (i) machine key parameter estimation, the most critical core loss resistance, d-axis and q-axis inductances are expressed in fitted forms and used for making operation control; (ii) equipment of external excitation voltage source; (iii) applying current-controlled space-vector pulse-width modulated (PWM) switching scheme; (iv) commutation shift to achieve loss minimization using the fitted machine parameters; and (v) the constructed SynRG is experimentally validated for its good power generation performance. Additionally, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of the WTE driven SynRG is achieved using the perturb and observe (P&Q) method.
Finally, the wind SynRG based DC microgrid is constructed. The common DC-bus voltage is established by the SynRG followed SMR. The battery is interfaced to the common DC-bus through the properly designed and controlled one-leg bidirectional boost-buck DC/DC converter. The normal bidirectional charging/discharging operations are verified experimentally. To conduct the microgrid to grid bidirectional operations, a grid connected three-phase inverter is established. In grid-to-microgrid (G2M) mode, the inverter is operated as a switch-mode rectifier (SMR), letting the utility grid supply energy to support the microgrid. As to the M2G mode, the preset real and reactive powers can be successfully sent back to the utility grid. In addition, the vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) operation is further conducted. The microgrid can also be supported energy by the vehicle
on-board battery.

ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii
LIST OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xxii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 OVERVIEW OF MICROGRID AND WIND GENERATOR SYSTEM 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Microgrid System 6
2.3 The Features of Wind Turbine 9
2.4 Synchronous Motors 13
2.5 Synchronous Reluctance Generator 15
2.6 Switch-mode Rectifiers 22
2.7 Interface Converters 25
2.8 DSP TMS320F28335 28
2.9 Sensing and Interfacing Circuits 29
CHAPTER 3 PERMANENT-MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVEN WIND TURBINE EMULATOR 31
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 SPMSM Motor Drive 31
3.3 Governing Equations of PMSM 33
3.4 Parameter Estimation of the Employed PMSM 35
3.5 Some Key Issues of PMSM Drive 38
3.6 Controller Scheme 38
3.7 Experimental Evaluation for the Established SPMSM Drive 42
3.8 Position Sensorless Controlled SPMSM Drive 43
3.8.1 Overview of Some Position Sensorless control Methods 43
3.8.2 Sinusoidal Wave HFI Position sensorless SPMSM 45
3.8.3 Experimental Evaluation 50
3.9 Turbine Emulator 55
CHAPTER 4 THE DEVELOPED SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE GENERATOR 62
4.1 Introduction 62
4.2 System Configuration 62
4.3 Three-phase Full-bridge SMR 62
4.4 Physical Modeling of SynRG with Fitted Parameters 66
4.5 Control Schemes 71
4.6 Experimental Results of the Established SynRG 76
4.7 Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of Wind SynRG 83
CHAPTER 5 THE DEVELOPED DC MICROGRID WITH GRIDCONNECTED AND ENERGY HARVESTING FUNCTIONS 89
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Battery Energy Storage System 90
5.2.1 Power Circuit 90
5.2.2 Control Scheme 92
5.2.3 Experimental Evaluation 98
5.3 Grid-Connected Bidirectional Inverter 104
5.4 Plugin Energy Harvesting Scheme 112
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS 114
REFERENCES 116

A. Microgrid
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B. Generator
SynRG
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PMSG
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IG
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SRG
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C. Wind Turbine Emulator
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D. Maximum Power Point Tracking
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E. PMSM/SynRM/SynRG
Equivalent Circuit Modeling and Parameters Estimation
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Current Control
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Speed Control
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Direct Torque Control
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F. Position Sensorless Control
Observe based methods
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Back-EMF methods
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Methods based on the rotor saliency
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G. Efficiency Optimization
Maximum Torque Per Ampere
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Loss minimization control
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H. Three-phase SMRs
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I. Energy Storage System
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J. DC/DC Interface Converter
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K. PWM Inverters
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