本論文旨在開發一具能源收集和隔離聯網功能之風力切換式磁阻發電機為主直流微電網。為利於研究進行，先探究了解永磁同步馬達、風力發電機、微電網、儲能系統和隔離轉換器之關鍵事務，以及常用界面轉換器。首先，以變頻表面貼磁式永磁同步馬達系統建構一風渦輪機模擬器。在適當設計之轉矩模式操作下，風渦輪機之轉矩-速度以及功率-速度特性曲線可忠實產出。所開發之風渦輪模擬機在速度操作模式，亦可作為傳統發電機之渦輪機。
接著，研製一具非對稱橋式轉換器之風力切換式磁阻發電機，由風渦輪模擬機驅動，藉由適當設計之電力電路、感測機構、換相機制、外加激磁源、電壓及電流控制器獲得良好發電特性。對於一般定速發電機，可得到良好的穩壓調節特性之輸出電壓。至於所風渦輪機於變速模式下驅動之切換式磁阻發電機，使用擾動觀察法實現最大功率點追控。在微電網建置上，由風力切換式磁阻發電機之輸出建立直流匯流排之電壓。當微電網發生能源短缺時，為增進微電網供電品質，所開發一蓄電池儲能系統，經由雙向單臂升/降壓直流/直流轉換器連接至微電網之直流匯流排，以提高微電網之供電品質。此外，再開發一以三相維也納切換式整流器為基礎電路之插入式能源收集系統，將納收之能源支撐微電網。可納取之電源含直流、單相交流及三相交流電源。
在負載側，建構一組三相六開關負載變頻器，三個開關臂可安排為單相三線變頻器或三相三線變頻器。單相三線變頻器可產生單相220V/110V 60Hz電壓源，供給家用負載用電力。為獲得良好的正弦電壓波形及調節特性，採用比例諧振控制。對於三相三線變頻器，應用於微電網至電網及電網至微電網之操控。操作在微電網至電網模式，微電網可對市電電網提供有效功率以及虛功補償；反之，操作在電網至微電網模式，電網之三相交流電源可對微電網提供能源支撐。為避免家用負載端發生感電事故，建構一CLLC轉換器，提供電網與家用負載間之電氣隔離。

This thesis aims to develop a DC microgrid powered by wind-powered switched reluctance generator (SRG) with isolated grid-connected and energy harvesting capabilities. In order to facilitate the research, key aspects related to permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), wind generators, microgrids, energy storage systems, and isolation converters are explored. Firstly, a wind turbine emulator (WTE) is constructed using a variable frequency surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) system. Under well-designed torque mode operation, the simulator accurately reproduces the torque-speed and power-speed characteristic curves of the wind turbine. Moreover, it can also serve as a conventional generator turbine when operated in speed mode.
A WTE driven wind SRG with asymmetrical bridge converter is designed and implemented. Good generating characteristics are obtained through proper design of the power circuit, sensing mechanism, commutation mechanism, external excitation source, voltage and current controllers. For general constant-speed generation, the output voltage exhibits good voltage regulation characteristics. As for the SRG driven by the WTE in variable speed mode, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved using perturb and observe (P&O) method. Then the wind SRG based DC-bus is constructed. To enhance the power supplying quality of the microgrid during energy shortage, a battery energy storage system (BESS) is developed and connected to the DC bus of the microgrid through a bidirectional one-leg boost/buck DC/DC converter. Moreover, a plugin energy harvester based on a three-phase Vienna switch-mode rectifier is further developed to supply energy to the microgrid. The possible input sources include DC, single-phase AC and three-phase AC sources.
At the load side, a three-phase six-switch (3P6SW) inverter is constructed, which can function as a single-phase three-wire (1P3W) inverter or a three-phase three-wire (3P3W) inverter. Under the 1P3W inverter mode, the single-phase 220V/110V 60Hz AC voltage sources can be generated for powering the household loads. The proportional-resonant (PR) control is adopted for good sinusoidal voltage waveform quality and dynamic regulation characteristics. Under the 3P3W inverter mode, the operations can be performed from microgrid to utility grid (M2G) and from utility grid to microgrid (G2M). Under M2G operation, the microgrid can provide active power and reactive power to the utility grid. Conversely, operating in G2M mode allows the three-phase AC power of the utility grid to support the microgrid. To avoid electrical hazards at the household load side, a CLLC converter is constructed as an intermediate stage providing galvanic isolation between the utility grid and the household loads.

摘要 a
致謝 b
目錄 c
第一章、簡介 d
第二章、微電網相關技術 g
第三章、風渦輪機模擬器之建立 h
第四章、風力切換式磁阻發電機之開發 i
第五章、基於風力開關磁阻發電機之直流微電網 j
第六章、維也納切換式整流器為主之能源輔助系統 k
第七章、結論 l
附錄：英文論文 n



ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
LIST OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
LIST OF TABLES xv
LIST OF SYMBOLS xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xxvi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2 SOME MICROGRID RELATED TECHNOLOGIES 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Microgrids 6
2.3 Wind Generators 8
2.3.1 Wind Turbines 8
2.3.2 Governing Equations of Wind Turbine 9
2.3.3 MPPT Control 11
2.3.4 Typical Wind Generators 12
2.4 Turbine Emulators 13
2.5 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 14
2.5.1 Motor Structures 14
2.5.2 Physical Modeling 15
2.5.3 Measurement of Motor Parameters 18
2.6 Switched-Reluctance Machine 20
2.6.1 Motor Structures 20
2.6.2 Governing Equations and Dynamic Modeling 21
2.6.3 SRM Converters 24
2.6.4 Some Key Issues of SRG 27
2.7 Energy Storage Devices 27
2.8 Interface Converters 29
CHAPTER 3 ESTABLISHMENT OF WIND TURBINE EMULATOR 34
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 System Configuration 34
3.3 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive 34
3.3.1 Power Circuit 34
3.3.2 Sensing and Interfacing Circuits 36
3.4 Control Schemes 37
3.4.1 Current Control Scheme 37
3.4.2 Speed Control Scheme 38
3.5 Experimental Results of the Established SPMSM Drive 41
3.5.1 Starting Characteristics 41
3.5.2 Speed Dynamic Responses 42
3.6 Wind Turbine Emulator 43
3.6.1 Torque Controller 43
3.6.2 Modeling of Wind Turbine Characteristics 43
3.6.3 Measured Torque-speed and Power-speed Curves 47
CHAPTER 4 DEVELOPMENT OF SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE GENERATORS 48
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Switched-Reluctance Generator 48
4.2.1 Power Circuit 48
4.2.2 Governing Equations 49
4.3 Control Scheme 50
4.3.1 Current Control Scheme 51
4.3.2 Voltage Control Scheme 52
4.3.3 Commutation Scheme 54
4.4 Measured Results 56
4.5 Reassessment of the SRG 62
4.6 Turbine Emulator Driven SRG 64
4.6.1 MPPT Algorithms of Wind SRG 65
4.6.2 Experimental Evaluation 66
CHAPTER 5 DC MICROGRID BASED ON SWITCHED-RELUCTANCE GENERATOR 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 System Configuration of the Developed Microgrid 71
5.3 Battery Energy Storage System 73
5.3.1 Power Circuit 73
5.3.2 Control Scheme 74
5.3.3 Measured Results 79
5.4 Half-bridge CLLC Resonant Converter 80
5.4.1 Operation of the HBCLLC Resonant Converter 80
5.4.2 Operation Principle 81
5.4.3 Design and Implementation 84
5.4.4 Control Schemes 85
5.4.5 Measured Results 86
5.5 Single-phase Three-wire Inverter 87
5.5.1 Power Circuit 87
5.5.2 Dynamic Modeling 88
5.5.3 Control Scheme 91
5.5.4 Measured Results 93
5.6 M2G/G2M Operations via 3P3W Inverter 97
5.6.1 Power Circuit 97
5.6.2 G2M Operation 98
5.6.3 M2G Operation 102
CHAPTER 6 VIENNA SMR BASED ENERGY SUPPORT SCHEME 105
6.1 Introduction 105
6.2 Energy Support Scheme with Three-phase AC Input 105
6.2.1 Circuit Operation of Vienna SMR 106
6.2.2 Equivalent Circuit Analysis 109
6.2.3 Circuit Components 110
6.2.4 Control Schemes 112
6.2.5 Measured Results 114
6.3 Vienna SMR with Single-phase AC Input 116
6.3.1 Circuit Operation 116
6.3.2 Power Circuit 118
6.3.3 Control Schemes 118
6.3.4 Measured Results 119
6.4 Vienna SMR with DC input 120
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSIONS 123
REFERENCES 124

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D. Switched-reluctance Machines
(a) Switched-reluctance motors
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(c) Converters for switched-reluctance machines
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E. Energy Storage Systems
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F. Interface Power Converters
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G. PWM Inverters
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H. Isolated DC/DC converter
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H. Switch-mode Rectifiers
(a) Single-phase SMRs
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(b) Three-phase SMRs
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I. Others
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