本研究首先介紹了威廉·詹姆斯《宗教經驗之種種》的背景和意圖。接下來是探討詹姆斯的健全心態和病態靈魂概念與佛教宗教經驗之間的兼容性。本研究細緻地分析了詹姆斯對佛教的理解，同時強調了他的分析的侷限性， 特別是他缺乏對佛教宗教經驗案例的研究。這項研究的目的是探索詹姆斯可能忽略到其他氣質的可能性，特別是考慮到佛教徒的宗教經驗，這最終導致了一種氣質類型的發現。換句話說，從探索佛教徒的宗教經驗開始，我們發現了介於健全心態與病態靈魂之間的另一個類別，它不僅適用於佛教徒，也適用於任何不同信仰的人。此外，本研究還探討了詹姆斯使用實用主義來解釋人們在選擇宗教信仰時考量到務實的表現，這為詹姆斯的理論、佛教和宗教背景下的人類經驗之間的交叉提供了一個獨特的視角。

本研究分為五章，首先是導論，概述了研究的主題和情況。第二章評估了詹姆斯的概念及其與佛教宗教經驗的一致性，對兩者之間的兼容性有了更深的理解。第三章介紹了佛教作為“二度降生中性心態”的觀點，對佛教的宗教經驗提供了一個新的、獨特的認識。第四章研究了佛教案例，調查佛教徒在修行時是否採取了類似實用主義的觀點。這一章還深入研究了這些人的氣質，以及他們與“二度降生中性心態”的描述的一致性。結論詳細介紹了詹姆斯對宗教哲學的定義，以及這項研究如何有助於更深入地理解詹姆斯的理 論、佛教和宗教背景下的人類經驗之間的交集。

總的來說，這項研究對詹姆斯的理論與佛教的相容性進行了深思熟慮和深刻的分析。本研究通過深入分析和解釋，對這兩個重要研究領域之間的聯繫提出了獨特的觀點。

This research first introduces the background and intention of William James’s writing of The Varieties of Religious Experience. Following along is the exploration of the compatibility between William James’s healthy-minded and sick soul concepts and Buddhist religious experiences. The study meticulously analyzes James’s understanding of Buddhism while highlighting the limitations of his analysis, particularly his lack of Buddhist case studies. The purpose of this research is to explore the possibility of other temperaments, particularly in consideration of the religious experiences of Buddhists, that William James might have overlooked, which eventually led to the discovery of a variety of temperament. In other words, beginning with the exploration of Buddhist religious experiences led to the discovery of another category in between the range of healthy-minded and sick souls, which applies not only to Buddhists but also to any individuals of a different faith to be identified with. Additionally, the study explores James’s recognition of pragmatism in choosing religions to practice, which offers a unique perspective on the intersection between James’s theories, Buddhism, and human experiences within a religious context.
The research is organized into five chapters, beginning with an introduction that outlines the topics and circumstances of the study. The second chapter evaluates James’s concepts and their alignment with Buddhist religious

experiences, providing a deeper understanding of the compatibility between the two. The third chapter introduces the perspective of Buddhism as Twice-Born Neutral-Minded, which offers a new and distinct characterization of Buddhist religious experiences. The fourth chapter examines Buddhist case studies to investigate if Buddhists adopt a similar pragmatic perspective while practicing Buddhism. This chapter also delves into the temperaments of these individuals and their alignment with the description of Twice-Born Neutral-Minded. The conclusion provides a detailed overview of James’s definition of the philosophy of religion and how this research contributes to a deeper comprehension of the intersection between James’s theories, Buddhism, and human experiences within a religious context.
Overall, this research is a thoughtful and insightful analysis of James’s theories’ compatibility with Buddhism. This study presents a distinctive viewpoint on the connection between these two crucial fields of study by conducting a thorough analysis and interpretation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter One INTRODUCTION….8
Chapter Two HEALTHY-MINDED & SICK SOULS: BUDDHIST PERSPECTIVE..15 Chapter Three BUDDHISTS AS TWICE-BORN NEUTRAL-MINDED….35
Chapter Four DIVIDED SELVES & BUDDHIST CONVERSIONS….55
Chapter Five CONCLUSION….74
Reference WORKS CITED….78

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